Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2021 Jul;13(4):e1696. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1696. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects populations around the world. Many therapeutics have been investigated for AD diagnosis and/or therapy, but the efficacy is largely limited by the poor bioavailability of drugs and by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Recently, the development of nanomedicines enables efficient drug delivery to the brain, but the complex pathological mechanism of AD prevents them from successful treatment. As a type of advanced nanomedicine, multifunctional nanoassemblies self-assembled from nanoscale imaging or therapeutic agents can simultaneously target multiple pathological factors, showing great potential in the diagnosis and therapy of AD. To help readers better understand this emerging field, in this review, we first introduce the pathological mechanisms and the potential drug candidates of AD, as well as the design strategies of nanoassemblies for improving AD targeting efficiency. Moreover, the progress of dynamic nanoassemblies that can diagnose and/or treat AD in response to the endogenous or exogenous stimuli will be described. Finally, we conclude with our perspectives on the future development in this field. The objective of this review is to outline the latest progress of using nanoassemblies to overcome the complex pathological environment of AD for improved diagnosis and therapy, in hopes of accelerating the future development of intelligent AD nanomedicines. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，影响着世界各地的人群。许多治疗方法都被用于 AD 的诊断和/或治疗，但疗效在很大程度上受到药物生物利用度差和血脑屏障存在的限制。最近，纳米医学的发展使药物能够有效地递送到大脑，但 AD 复杂的病理机制阻止了它们的成功治疗。作为一种先进的纳米医学，由纳米级成像或治疗剂自组装而成的多功能纳米组装体可以同时针对多个病理因素，在 AD 的诊断和治疗方面显示出巨大的潜力。为了帮助读者更好地理解这一新兴领域，在本文中，我们首先介绍了 AD 的病理机制和潜在的药物候选物，以及提高 AD 靶向效率的纳米组装体的设计策略。此外，还将描述能够对内源或外源刺激做出响应，从而对 AD 进行诊断和/或治疗的动态纳米组装体的进展。最后，我们对该领域的未来发展进行了展望。本文的目的是概述使用纳米组装体克服 AD 复杂病理环境以改善诊断和治疗的最新进展，以期加速智能 AD 纳米药物的未来发展。本文属于以下类别：治疗方法和药物发现 > 用于神经疾病的纳米医学 > 体内纳米诊断和成像。
