Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus 00970, Palestine.
Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus 00970, Palestine.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020 Jan 13;6(1):112-121. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01143. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
The ongoing spread of multi-drug-resistant bacteria over the past few decades necessitates collateral efforts to develop new classes of antibacterial agents with different mechanisms of action. The utilization of graphene nanosheets has recently gained attention with this respect. Herein, we have synthesized and tested the antibacterial activity of an array of graphene materials covalently functionalized with hydroxyl-, amine-, or carboxyl-containing groups. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed successful functionalization of the few-layer graphene (FLG). The percentage of weight loss was measured by thermogravimetric analysis, which was found to be 22%, 23%, and 37% for FLG-TEG-OH, FLG-NH, and FLG-DEG-COOH, respectively. In comparison with pristine graphene sheets, the functionalized few-layer graphene (-FLG) materials gained an adequate dispersibility in water as confirmed by ζ potential analysis. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in the antibacterial activity against and , where all -FLG compounds were able to suppress bacterial growth, with a complete suppression achieved by FLG-DEG-COOH. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 250 μg mL for both FLG-TEG-OH and FLG-NH, while it was 125 μg mL for FLG-DEG-COOH. The glutathione oxidation test demonstrated an oxidative stress activity by all -FLG compounds. However, FLG-DEG-COOH demonstrated the highest reduction in glutathione activity. FLG-DEG-COOH and FLG-TEG-OH showed adequate biocompatibility and hemocompatibility. The chemical functionalization of graphene might be a step toward the foundation of an effective class of antimicrobial agents.
在过去几十年中，多药耐药菌的持续传播需要我们做出协同努力，开发具有不同作用机制的新型抗菌药物。在这方面，石墨烯纳米片的应用最近受到了关注。在此，我们合成并测试了一系列通过共价键功能化含有羟基、胺基或羧基的基团而得到的石墨烯材料的抗菌活性。傅里叶变换红外光谱和透射电子显微镜证实了少层石墨烯（FLG）的成功功能化。通过热重分析测量了重量损失的百分比，FLG-TEG-OH、FLG-NH 和 FLG-DEG-COOH 的重量损失百分比分别为 22%、23%和 37%。与原始石墨烯片相比，功能化的少层石墨烯（-FLG）材料在水中的分散性得到了充分提高，这一点通过 ζ 电位分析得到了证实。此外，-FLG 化合物对 和 的抗菌活性有了显著提高，所有 -FLG 化合物都能够抑制细菌生长，而 FLG-DEG-COOH 则完全抑制了细菌生长。FLG-TEG-OH 和 FLG-NH 的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）均为 250μg mL，而 FLG-DEG-COOH 的 MIC 为 125μg mL。谷胱甘肽氧化试验表明所有 -FLG 化合物均具有氧化应激活性。然而，FLG-DEG-COOH 表现出最高的谷胱甘肽活性降低。FLG-DEG-COOH 和 FLG-TEG-OH 表现出良好的生物相容性和血液相容性。石墨烯的化学功能化可能是朝着开发有效抗菌药物的方向迈出的一步。
