School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
Child Care Health Dev. 2021 May;47(3):377-386. doi: 10.1111/cch.12850. Epub 2021 Feb 7.
Cross-cultural research can provide insight into whether levels and correlates of movement behaviours among early years children vary across different cultural contexts. This study (1) compared children's physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) and parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST between samples of Canadian and South Korean (Korean thereafter) early years children (2-5 years) and (2) investigated parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST and whether country moderates the relationships.
Cross-sectional data from 121 Canadian children (3.4 years; 49.6% girls) and 101 Korean children (3.4 years; 54.9% girls) who participated in the Parents' Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits (PREPS) study were used. Demographic information, children's PA, ST, PA- or ST-specific parental cognitions and behaviours, and home and neighbourhood environments were measured using a proxy-reported questionnaire. Two-tailed independent samples T test or Mann Whitney U test, chi-square tests, linear regression and moderation analyses were performed.
Canadian children spent more time in non-organized PA compared to Korean children (111 vs. 63 min/day), whereas time spent in organized PA was higher in Korean children than Canadian children (25 vs. 9 min/day). Canadian children had more ST than Korean children (159 vs. 110 min/day). Similarly, Canadian parents reported higher screen (142 vs. 116 min/day) and sitting time (317 vs. 286 min/day) than Korean parents. Though children's behaviours, as well as parental cognitions and behaviours, varied between the two samples, similar correlates of children's PA and ST were observed. The relationship between presence of electronics in children's bedrooms and children's ST was moderated by country, with Canadian children showing a stronger relationship than Korean children.
Supporting parents to adopt cognitions and behaviours that are conducive to healthy PA and ST patterns of their own and their early years children may be important for both Canada and Korea.
跨文化研究可以深入了解不同文化背景下幼儿的运动行为水平和相关性是否存在差异。本研究（1）比较了加拿大和韩国（以下简称韩国）幼儿（2-5 岁）样本中儿童身体活动（PA）和屏幕时间（ST）以及 PA 和 ST 的父母和环境相关性，（2）探讨了 PA 和 ST 的父母和环境相关性，以及国家是否调节这些关系。
使用参加父母在建立健康的身体活动和久坐行为习惯中的作用（PREPS）研究的 121 名加拿大儿童（3.4 岁；49.6%女孩）和 101 名韩国儿童（3.4 岁；54.9%女孩）的横断面数据。使用代理报告的问卷测量人口统计学信息、儿童 PA、ST、PA 或 ST 特定的父母认知和行为以及家庭和邻里环境。进行了双尾独立样本 T 检验或曼-惠特尼 U 检验、卡方检验、线性回归和调节分析。
与韩国儿童相比，加拿大儿童进行非组织性 PA 的时间更多（111 分钟/天比 63 分钟/天），而韩国儿童进行组织性 PA 的时间更多（25 分钟/天比 9 分钟/天）。加拿大儿童的 ST 时间比韩国儿童多（159 分钟/天比 110 分钟/天）。同样，加拿大父母报告的屏幕时间（142 分钟/天比 116 分钟/天）和坐姿时间（317 分钟/天比 286 分钟/天）也高于韩国父母。尽管两个样本中儿童的行为以及父母的认知和行为存在差异，但观察到了儿童 PA 和 ST 的相似相关性。电子产品在儿童卧室中的存在与儿童 ST 之间的关系受到国家的调节，加拿大儿童的关系比韩国儿童更强。
支持父母采取有利于自己和幼儿健康 PA 和 ST 模式的认知和行为可能对加拿大和韩国都很重要。
