Department of Social Welfare and Risk Management, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijin' gang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
Research Center for Common Prosperity, Future Regional Development Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Feb 8;23(1):289. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15212-x.
Parents are significantly important in shaping the screen use of children within a family system. This study aimed to examine the associations of Chinese children's screen time (ST) over four years with parents' attitudes toward their own screen use and physical activities (PA) and health behaviors including their ST, PA, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking.
The current study utilized data from two waves (2011 and 2015) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), including 1,941 mother-father-child triads in 2011 and 2,707 mother-father-child triads in 2015 (with children aged 0-17-years-old). The ST of children and the parental attitudes and health behaviors were measured via self-report or proxy-report (for children under 6 years old) questionnaires. Pool-OLS regression models were used to assess the associations of parental attitudes and health behaviors with the ST of children. Moderation models were built to assess whether these associations depended on the gender, age, and family income of children, as well as whether paternal and maternal influences were moderated by the other parent. A multilevel cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was used to assess parental influences on children's ST over four years.
Paternal ST (β = 0.09, p < 0.001), maternal ST (β = 0.10, p < 0.001), and paternal alcohol drinking (β = 0.30, p < 0.05) were positively associated with children's ST. In addition, maternal smoking had a positive association with girls' ST (β = 0.53, p < 0.05). Moreover, the association between maternal ST and children's ST was observed to decline as family income increased (β = -0.03, p < 0.001). Paternal ST had a larger positive association with children's ST when the ST of mothers exceeded 14 h/week (β = 0.06, p < 0.05). Furthermore, lagged associations were found between paternal attitudes toward PA (β = -1.63, p < 0.05) or maternal cigarette smoking (β = 1.46, p < 0.05) and children's ST measured four years later.
Children establish a healthy lifestyle within the family system. From the perspective of the healthy family climate, the current study suggests that future programs for reducing children's ST should be built through an integrative approach with special attention to parental attitudes and health behaviors.
父母在家庭系统中对孩子的屏幕使用习惯有重要影响。本研究旨在探讨中国儿童在四年内的屏幕时间（ST）与父母对自身屏幕使用、身体活动（PA）和健康行为的态度之间的关联，包括他们的 ST、PA、吸烟和饮酒。
本研究利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）两次（2011 年和 2015 年）的数据，包括 2011 年的 1941 个母婴父子三人组和 2015 年的 2707 个母婴父子三人组（儿童年龄在 0-17 岁之间）。通过自报或代理报告（对于 6 岁以下儿童）问卷测量儿童的 ST 和父母的态度和健康行为。采用 Pool-OLS 回归模型评估父母的态度和健康行为与儿童 ST 的关联。建立调节模型以评估这些关联是否取决于儿童的性别、年龄和家庭收入，以及父亲和母亲的影响是否受另一方父母的调节。使用多层交叉滞后面板模型（CLPM）来评估四年来父母对儿童 ST 的影响。
父亲的 ST（β=0.09，p<0.001）、母亲的 ST（β=0.10，p<0.001）和父亲的饮酒（β=0.30，p<0.05）与儿童的 ST 呈正相关。此外，母亲吸烟与女孩的 ST 呈正相关（β=0.53，p<0.05）。此外，随着家庭收入的增加，母亲 ST 与儿童 ST 之间的关联观察到下降（β=-0.03，p<0.001）。当母亲的 ST 超过 14 小时/周时，父亲的 ST 与儿童的 ST 呈更大的正相关（β=0.06，p<0.05）。此外，还发现了父亲对 PA 的态度（β=-1.63，p<0.05）或母亲吸烟（β=1.46，p<0.05）与四年后儿童 ST 之间的滞后关联。
儿童在家庭系统中建立健康的生活方式。从健康家庭氛围的角度来看，本研究表明，未来减少儿童 ST 的计划应通过综合方法构建，特别关注父母的态度和健康行为。
