Division of the Physical Sciences, Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Biol Lett. 2021 Jan;17(1):20200754. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0754. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Parametric phylogenetic approaches that attempt to delineate between distinct 'modes' of speciation (splitting cladogenesis, budding cladogenesis and anagenesis) between fossil taxa have become increasingly popular among comparative biologists. But it is not yet well understood how clearly morphological data from fossil taxa speak to detailed questions of speciation mode when compared with the lineage diversification models that serve as their basis. In addition, the congruence of inferences made using these approaches with geographical patterns has not been explored. Here, I extend a previously introduced maximum-likelihood approach for the examination of ancestor-descendant relationships to accommodate budding speciation and apply it to a dataset of fossil hominins. I place these results in a phylogeographic context to better understand spatial dynamics underlying the hypothesized speciation patterns. The spatial patterns implied by the phylogeny hint at the complex demographic processes underlying the spread and diversification of hominins throughout the Pleistocene. I also find that inferences of budding are driven primarily by stratigraphic, versus morphological, data and discuss the ramifications for interpretations of speciation process in hominins specifically and from phylogenetic data in general.
参数系统发生方法试图在化石分类群之间划定不同的“模式”（分裂发生、芽殖发生和重演发生），这种方法在比较生物学家中越来越受欢迎。但是，当与作为其基础的谱系多样化模型相比时，形态数据如何清晰地说明详细的物种形成模式，这一点还不是很清楚。此外，这些方法的推断与地理模式的一致性尚未得到探索。在这里，我扩展了以前介绍的用于检验祖先-后代关系的最大似然方法，以适应芽殖物种形成，并将其应用于化石人类数据集。我将这些结果置于系统发生地理背景下，以更好地理解假设的物种形成模式背后的空间动态。系统发育所暗示的空间模式暗示了人类在整个更新世的传播和多样化背后复杂的人口过程。我还发现，芽殖的推断主要是由地层数据驱动的，而不是形态数据，并讨论了这些结果对人类物种形成过程的解释以及对一般系统发生数据的解释的影响。
