School of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
Escuela de Doctorado, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", Valencia, Spain.
Dermatology. 2021;237(6):1016-1022. doi: 10.1159/000512887. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma, an important global public health problem, has been increasing over the last several decades.
In order to decrease melanoma-related mortality, ways to communicate and implement the correct methods for conducting primary and secondary prevention measures (such as early detection via self-examination) should be investigated.
An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study consisting of 409 patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma was conducted. An online questionnaire was created to evaluate knowledge levels, attitudes, and adherence to primary preventive measures and to skin self-examination practices.
The results revealed that even when 43% of the patients perform cutaneous self-examinations, only half of them fully followed the recommendations. Patients aged <45 years, female, with a I-II phototype, with an intermediate/high level of education, and with a history of NMSC were more likely to have an adequate degree of knowledge. Moreover, patients aged <45 years and with an adequate degree of knowledge more frequently showed an adequate adherence to the primary prevention measures. Finally, patients aged 45-60 years and with an adequate degree of knowledge presented a good adherence to the self-skin examination measures.
Possible limitations of this study were memory bias through the influence of age within the study population, and bias due to a greater proportion of subjects with a high education level.
Within the population of patients with melanoma, a high percentage of patients do not rigorously follow the recommended prevention measures. Our study highlights the need to implement awareness in this population to improve the prevention of cutaneous cancer.
皮肤黑色素瘤是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题，在过去几十年中其发病率一直在上升。
为了降低黑色素瘤相关死亡率，需要研究如何沟通和实施初级和二级预防措施（如通过自我检查进行早期发现）的正确方法。
对 409 名被诊断患有皮肤黑色素瘤的患者进行了一项观察性、横断面、回顾性研究。创建了一个在线问卷，以评估知识水平、态度以及对初级预防措施和皮肤自我检查实践的依从性。
结果表明，即使 43%的患者进行了皮肤自我检查，但只有一半的人完全遵循了建议。年龄<45 岁、女性、I-II 光型、中/高教育水平、有非黑色素瘤皮肤癌病史的患者更有可能具有足够的知识水平。此外，年龄<45 岁且具有足够知识水平的患者更频繁地表现出对初级预防措施的充分依从性。最后，年龄在 45-60 岁且具有足够知识水平的患者对自我皮肤检查措施的依从性良好。
本研究可能存在的局限性是研究人群中年龄的影响导致记忆偏差，以及由于受教育程度较高的受试者比例较大而导致的偏差。
在黑色素瘤患者人群中，很大一部分患者没有严格遵循推荐的预防措施。我们的研究强调需要在该人群中开展意识宣传，以改善皮肤癌的预防。
