Longstrom Jaymes M, Colenso-Semple Lauren M, Waddell Brian J, Mastrofini Gianna, Trexler Eric T, Campbell Bill I
Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020 Apr 25;5(2):27. doi: 10.3390/jfmk5020027.
The purpose of this case-series was to evaluate the physiological, psychological and performance-related changes that occur during the postcompetition period. Participants included three male (34.3 ± 6.8 years, 181.6 ± 8.9 cm) and four female (29.3 ± 4.9 years, 161.4 ± 6.0 cm) natural physique athletes. Body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM); Skinfold), resting metabolic rate (RMR; indirect calorimetry), total body water (TBW; bioelectrical impedance analysis), sleep quality (PSQI; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), quality of life measures (RAND SF36), menstrual irregularities, and knee extension performance were assessed 1-2 weeks prior to competition, and 4 weeks and 8-10 weeks postcompetition. Blood hormones (free triiodothyronine; T, free thyroxine; T, and leptin) were assessed at 1-2 weeks prior to competition and 8-10 weeks postcompetition. Participants tracked daily macronutrient intake daily for the duration of the study. Group-level data were analyzed using exploratory, one-tailed, nonparametric statistical tests. Bodyweight, FM, bodyfat%, RMR, and blood hormones (T, T, and leptin) increased significantly ( < 0.05) at the group level. Relative (%Δ) increases in fat mass were associated with △RMR (τ = 0.90; = 0.001) and △leptin (τ = 0.68; = 0.02), and △leptin was associated with △RMR (τ = 0.59; = 0.03). The time course for recovery appears to vary substantially between individuals potentially due to strategies implemented postcompetition.
本病例系列研究的目的是评估赛后阶段发生的生理、心理及与运动表现相关的变化。参与者包括三名男性（年龄34.3±6.8岁，身高181.6±8.9厘米）和四名女性（年龄29.3±4.9岁，身高161.4±6.0厘米）自然体型运动员。在比赛前1 - 2周、赛后4周以及赛后8 - 10周，对身体成分（脂肪量（FM）和去脂体重（FFM）；皮褶厚度）、静息代谢率（RMR；间接测热法）、全身水含量（TBW；生物电阻抗分析）、睡眠质量（PSQI；匹兹堡睡眠质量指数）、生活质量指标（RAND SF36）、月经不规律情况以及膝关节伸展表现进行了评估。在比赛前1 - 2周和赛后8 - 10周对血液激素（游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸；T₃、游离甲状腺素；T₄和瘦素）进行了评估。在研究期间，参与者每天记录每日常量营养素摄入量。使用探索性、单尾、非参数统计检验对组水平数据进行分析。在组水平上，体重、FM、体脂百分比、RMR和血液激素（T₃、T₄和瘦素）显著增加（P < 0.05）。脂肪量的相对（%Δ）增加与△RMR（τ = 0.90；P = 0.001）和△瘦素（τ = 0.68；P = 0.02）相关，并且△瘦素与△RMR（τ = 0.59；P = 0.03）相关。恢复的时间进程在个体之间似乎有很大差异，这可能是由于赛后实施的策略不同。
