Gorgulu Recep
Elite Performance in Sport Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Apr 8;4(2):20. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4020020.
This study aimed to test the incidence of ironic performance errors in elite air-pistol shooters. Previous research has revealed that, when shooters are anxious, avoidant instructions can cause ironic performance breakdown, especially in the unintended direction. Fifty-seven experienced air-pistol shooters were given specific instructions not to shoot to a certain part of a target, under low- and high-anxiety conditions, respectively. Results demonstrated that, when instructed not to shoot in a specific direction, anxious shooters did so a significant number of times. Interestingly, there was no difference in non-target non-ironic error, which provides specific support for Wegner's theory of ironic processes of mental control in air-pistol shooting. Consequently, these findings illustrated that the combination of increased anxiety with avoidant instructions could lead to such unintended performance errors, called ironic error. Thus, understanding the mechanism of the anxiety-performance relationship may be a useful theoretical framework which could provide practical, instruction-based interventions to reduce susceptibility to ironic errors under pressure.
本研究旨在测试精英气手枪射击运动员中反讽性表现错误的发生率。先前的研究表明，当射击运动员感到焦虑时，回避指令会导致反讽性表现失误，尤其是在非预期的方向上。分别在低焦虑和高焦虑条件下，对57名经验丰富的气手枪射击运动员给出了不向靶子某一特定部位射击的具体指令。结果表明，当被指示不要向特定方向射击时，焦虑的射击运动员多次出现这种情况。有趣的是，非目标非反讽性错误没有差异，这为韦格纳的气手枪射击心理控制反讽过程理论提供了具体支持。因此，这些发现表明，焦虑增加与回避指令相结合可能会导致这种非预期的表现错误，即反讽性错误。因此，理解焦虑与表现关系的机制可能是一个有用的理论框架，它可以提供基于指令的实际干预措施，以降低在压力下对反讽性错误的易感性。
