MacEvoy B, Lambert W W, Karlberg P, Karlberg J, Klackenberg-Larsson I, Klackenberg G
Cornell University.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jan;54(1):108-16. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.1.108.
The early affective, apparently temperamental antecedents of Type A behavior were investigated in a Swedish longitudinal sample (N = 149). Four clusters of Type A items (describing irritability, hurried behavior, work achievement, and competitiveness) were regressed on maternal ratings of the child's poor appetite, sleep disturbances, liveliness, anger, and shyness, collected annually from infancy to adolescence. The child's liveliness, sociability, and poor appetite during infancy and childhood were positively related to the adult Type A irritability and hurried behavior clusters, as were the mother's liveliness, orderliness, and intelligence as rated by psychologists during the child's first 6 years. The two work-involvement clusters were predicted by interactive effects among shyness, poor appetite, and anger during adolescence but were unrelated to mother attributes. Sleep disturbances were only related to competitiveness and only in late adolescence. These findings indicate that the interrelated components of adult Type A behavior have contrasting developmental histories and that temperament-related constructs are important antecedents to the adult syndrome.
在一个瑞典纵向样本（N = 149）中，对A型行为早期明显的、类似气质的先兆因素进行了调查。从婴儿期到青春期每年收集的关于儿童食欲不振、睡眠障碍、活泼程度、愤怒情绪和害羞程度的母亲评分，被用于对四组A型行为项目（描述易怒、匆忙行为、工作成就和竞争意识）进行回归分析。婴儿期和儿童期儿童的活泼程度、社交能力和食欲不振，与成年后的A型易怒和匆忙行为组呈正相关，儿童头6年期间心理学家评定的母亲的活泼程度、条理性和智力水平也是如此。青少年期的害羞、食欲不振和愤怒之间的交互作用可预测两组工作投入相关项目，但与母亲的特质无关。睡眠障碍仅与竞争意识相关，且仅在青春期后期相关。这些发现表明，成年A型行为的相关组成部分有着不同的发展历程，与气质相关的构念是成人综合征的重要先兆因素。
