Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021 Feb 1;92(2):120-123. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.5747.2021.
Cavernomas, cavernous angiomas, or cerebral cavernous malformations are clusters of endothelium-lined blood vessels usually found in the brain. With the increasing use of radiological imaging, these are being detected incidentally in asymptomatic aircrew. The UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) experience of cavernomas is described and the aeromedical concerns, that is, the risk of epilepsy, hemorrhage, and the development of a neurological deficit, are considered. A search of the CAA database between 1990 and 2020 was performed for the term cavernoma. The gender, age at diagnosis, class of certification held, clinical presentation, location, and size of the lesion were noted. A PubMed literature review for papers with complications of cavernoma was performed. Six cases of cavernoma have been declared to the CAA: five professional pilots and one private pilot. Five were men and one was a woman. The age range was between 38 and 60 yr, with a mean of 48 yr. Two cases presented with clinical symptoms and four were asymptomatic. Complication rates for seizure and hemorrhage were extracted from the published literature together with the significance of other factors such as cavernoma size, family history, multiplicity, and the development of new lesions. A policy for the medical certification of aircrew with cavernomas that have presented with clinical symptoms and those that are detected incidentally is proposed.
海绵状血管瘤、海绵状血管畸形或脑海绵状血管畸形是由内皮细胞衬里的血管簇组成，通常在大脑中发现。随着放射影像学的广泛应用，这些在无症状的机组人员中偶然被发现。描述了英国民航局 (CAA) 对海绵状血管瘤的经验，并考虑了航空医学方面的关注，即癫痫、出血和神经功能缺损发展的风险。在 1990 年至 2020 年期间，对 CAA 数据库中使用术语海绵状血管瘤进行了搜索。记录了性别、诊断时的年龄、持有的认证等级、临床表现、病变位置和大小。对有海绵状血管瘤并发症的论文进行了 PubMed 文献回顾。已经向 CAA 报告了六例海绵状血管瘤：五名职业飞行员和一名私人飞行员。五名男性，一名女性。年龄范围为 38 至 60 岁，平均年龄为 48 岁。有两例出现临床症状，四例无症状。从已发表的文献中提取了癫痫发作和出血的并发症发生率，并结合其他因素的意义，如海绵状血管瘤的大小、家族史、多发性和新病变的发展，对有临床症状的和偶然发现的机组人员进行航空医学认证的政策提出了建议。
