Divisions of Pediatric Endocrinology and
Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Pediatrics. 2021 Feb;147(2). doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-007906.
Identity formation and exploration of interpersonal relationships are important tasks that occur during adolescence. Transgender, gender diverse, and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) individuals must face these developmental milestones in the context of their transgender identity. Our aim with this article is to describe adolescents' history and experiences with romantic partners.
We conducted phenomenological, qualitative semistructured interviews with transgender adolescents. Questions were focused on romantic experiences, thoughts, and perceptions. All interviews were coded by 2 members of the research team, with disagreements resolved by discussion and, if needed, with a third member of the research team. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, as well as descriptive categorization.
In total, 30 adolescents (18 transmasculine and 12 transfeminine) between the ages of 15 and 20 years were interviewed. Themes included (1) engagement in romantic relationships, (2) disclosure of gender identity and romantic relationships, (3) experience with abusive relationships, and (4) perceived impact of gender-affirming hormone care on romantic experiences.
TGNC adolescents are engaged in romantic experiences before and during social and/or medical transitioning and are cultivating relationships through both proximal peers and online connections. There is perceived benefit of gender-affirming hormone care on romantic experiences. Risk of transphobia in romantic relationships impacts the approach that transgender adolescents take toward romance and influences decisions of identity disclosure. TGNC adolescents have experience with relationship abuse in different forms. Providers can incorporate these findings in their approach to counseling and screening when caring for TGNC youth.
身份形成和人际关系探索是青少年时期的重要任务。跨性别、性别多样化和性别不符合（TGNC）个体必须在其跨性别认同的背景下面对这些发展里程碑。我们撰写本文的目的是描述青少年的恋爱伴侣的历史和经历。
我们对跨性别青少年进行了现象学、定性半结构化访谈。问题集中在恋爱经历、想法和看法上。所有访谈均由 2 名研究团队成员进行编码，如果有分歧，则通过讨论解决，如果需要，由第 3 名研究团队成员解决。使用主题分析来分析数据，以及进行描述性分类。
共访谈了 30 名年龄在 15 至 20 岁之间的青少年（18 名跨男性和 12 名跨女性）。主题包括（1）参与浪漫关系，（2）披露性别认同和恋爱关系，（3）经历虐待关系，以及（4）认为性别肯定激素治疗对恋爱经历的影响。
TGNC 青少年在社会和/或医疗过渡之前和期间就参与了恋爱经历，并通过近端同龄人以及在线联系来培养关系。性别肯定激素治疗对恋爱经历有好处。恋爱关系中的跨性别恐惧症风险会影响青少年对浪漫的态度，并影响身份披露的决策。TGNC 青少年经历过不同形式的关系虐待。护理人员在照顾 TGNC 青少年时，可以将这些发现纳入咨询和筛查方法中。
