Managing Vascular Anomalies in the Era of Genetics and Precision Medicine: An Opportunity or a Challenge?

The era of genetics and precision medicine has been reforming this world. How will plastic surgeons in the field of vascular anomalies conform to the trend? This article systematically reviews the identification of serum biomarkers, risk factors, specific mutations in the angiogenesis-related genes such as GNAQ, RASA1, TEK, and their impact on the diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies with preliminary results that have been previously reported and leading the tide. Moreover, a new disease classification for complex vascular malformations based on PIK3CA genetic evidence and various treatment breakthroughs is briefly summarized. With gene sequencing, bioinformatics, and big data, we confront the challenges of research in the vascular anomalies domain and explore possibilities of precision medicine development.