Hafez Eman Naser, Hamed Wafaa Fayez Abd El
Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P. O. Box: 29, Nasr City, Egypt.
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (Parasitology), Faculty of Home Economic, Al Azhar University, Tanta, Egypt.
Acta Parasitol. 2021 Jun;66(2):638-653. doi: 10.1007/s11686-020-00315-x. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Cryptosporidiosis is an opportunistic globally distributed parasitic disease caused by protozoan Cryptosporidium where its development is closely related to the host's immune status. New therapeutic agents are a high priority as chemotherapeutics are impractical and vaccines are unavailable for young as well as immune-compromised patients or animals. The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the internal white (albedo) and external yellow (flavedo) peels of Citrus maxima (C. maxima) as an alternative medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Parasitological examination for oocysts in the stool was determined. Histopathological alterations and immunohistochemical expression of APC and cyclin D1 as well as an assessment of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in ileal tissues was carried out. In addition, the biochemical examination of serum albumin, globulin and liver enzymes were evaluated. Results revealed a significant decrease of oocysts count correlated with an amelioration of histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in ileal tissue with an enhancement of liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines levels.
It could be concluded that treatment with C. maxima peel extracts have a potential therapeutic and an immunoregulatory efficacy against Cryptosporidiosis. Obtained results showed that the white peel was found to have more immunological effect that could significantly enhance inflammatory cytokines response towards normal status. Hence, it can be used in the daily animal diet to give protective effects against infection.
隐孢子虫病是一种由原生动物隐孢子虫引起的机会性全球分布的寄生虫病，其发育与宿主的免疫状态密切相关。由于化疗不切实际，且对于年轻患者以及免疫功能低下的患者或动物没有可用的疫苗，新的治疗药物成为当务之急。本研究旨在评估作为替代药用植物的柚（Citrus maxima）内果皮（白瓤）和外果皮（黄皮）的治疗效果。
对粪便中的卵囊进行寄生虫学检查。对回肠组织进行组织病理学改变以及APC和细胞周期蛋白D1的免疫组化表达检测，并评估干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）。此外，对血清白蛋白、球蛋白和肝酶进行生化检查。结果显示卵囊计数显著减少，这与回肠组织的组织病理学和免疫组化变化的改善以及肝酶和炎性细胞因子水平的升高相关。
可以得出结论，柚皮提取物治疗对隐孢子虫病具有潜在的治疗和免疫调节功效。获得的结果表明，发现白皮具有更强的免疫作用，可显著增强炎性细胞因子反应至正常状态。因此，它可用于日常动物饮食中以提供抗感染的保护作用。
