Singh Arti, Dobbie Fiona, Kinnunen Tarja I, Okello Gabriel, Semple Sean, Okyere Portia Boakye, Logo Divine Darlington, Lartey Kwabena Fosu, McNeil Ann, Britton John, Bauld Linda, Owusu-Dabo Ellis
School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2021 Jan 16;7:4. doi: 10.18332/tpc/131058. eCollection 2021.
Implementation of and compliance with smoke-free policies (SFPs) can be problematic in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited resources. This study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Ghana's SFPs among owners and staff of hospitality venues by city, staff designation, and venue type.
A cross-sectional study design was used in venue types including hotels, bars, pubs and restaurants in the three cities of Kumasi, Accra, and Tamale, in Ghana.Data were collected between July and September 2019. Interviewer administered face-to-face surveys were conducted with owners and staff (n=142) recruited from randomly selected hospitality venues (n=154) in these three large cities of Ghana. The relationship between knowledge, opinions, and compliance items on SFPs, and city, venue type and staff designation was first studied using χ or a Fisher's exact test, and then with univariate logistic regression model analysis.
Of the 142 respondents, some had heard of Ghana's 2012 Tobacco Control Act (27.5%), smoking restriction in public places (29%), smoke-free places (22%), and display of 'no smoking' signage (6.3%). Knowledge levels were higher in Accra compared to Tamale (OR=3.08; 95% CI: 1.10-8.60). Staff designation and type of venue did not have any relationship with knowledge levels. Support for SFPs was over 80%, but opinions in support of SFPs were lower in Accra than Tamale (OR=0.25; 95% CI: 0.08-0.71). Compliance with SFPs was similar in the three cities. Hotels were three times more compliant compared to bars and pubs (OR=3.16; 95% CI: 1.48-6.71).
The study highlights the strong support for restriction of smoking in public places including hospitality venues despite poor knowledge and low compliance levels with the current SFPs. A review of the current SFP in Ghana together with education of hospitality staff on the benefits and requirements of SFPs is recommended.
由于资源有限，在许多低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs），无烟政策（SFPs）的实施和遵守可能存在问题。本研究按城市、员工职位和场所类型，评估了加纳酒店场所业主和员工对加纳无烟政策的了解、看法及遵守情况。
在加纳的库马西、阿克拉和塔马利三个城市，对包括酒店、酒吧、酒馆和餐馆在内的场所类型采用横断面研究设计。数据于2019年7月至9月收集。对从加纳这三个大城市中随机选择的酒店场所（n = 154）招募的业主和员工（n = 142）进行了由访谈员实施的面对面调查。首先使用χ²检验或费舍尔精确检验研究了关于无烟政策的知识、看法和遵守项目与城市、场所类型和员工职位之间的关系，然后进行单因素逻辑回归模型分析。
在142名受访者中，一些人听说过加纳2012年的《烟草控制法》（27.5%）、公共场所吸烟限制（29%）、无烟场所（22%）以及“禁止吸烟”标志展示（6.3%）。与塔马利相比，阿克拉的知识水平更高（OR = 3.08；95% CI：1.10 - 8.60）。员工职位和场所类型与知识水平没有任何关系。对无烟政策的支持率超过80%，但阿克拉支持无烟政策的看法低于塔马利（OR = 0.25；95% CI：0.08 - 0.71）。三个城市对无烟政策的遵守情况相似。酒店的遵守情况是酒吧和酒馆的三倍（OR = 3.16；95% CI：1.48 - 6.71）。
该研究强调，尽管对当前无烟政策的了解不足且遵守程度较低，但包括酒店场所在内的公共场所吸烟限制仍得到了大力支持。建议对加纳当前的无烟政策进行审查，并对酒店员工进行关于无烟政策的益处和要求的教育。
