Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2021 May;50(3):534-542. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12658. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
The Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) (ICP) is widely distributed in Asia; however, compared with other rodents, little is known about the structures of its respiratory system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histomorphology of the lower respiratory portion of the ICP to provide a basis for the identification of the normal structure of this organ. The larynx, trachea and lungs of four carcasses of adult Indian crested porcupines (two males and two females) were dissected and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. The gross anatomy and histology of all specimens were evaluated. A macroscopic evaluation showed unique structures in the ICP respiratory system, including the presence of a chamber-like structure at the origin of the bronchi and a difference in epiglottis shape between males and females. Histologically, the stratified squamous epithelium covered the epiglottis and arytenoid cartilage, and the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium covered the internal part of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages. Histomorphological studies showed a few goblet cells in the tracheal epithelium. In the bronchi and larger bronchioles, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia were observed. Bronchi were surrounded by segments of cartilage. Distal bronchioles had a simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium with club (Clara) cells, lacked cartilaginous tissue in their walls and had a complete smooth muscle layer. These results revealed histomorphological differences between the ICP and other rodents.
印度豪猪（Hystrix indica）广泛分布于亚洲；然而，与其他啮齿动物相比，人们对其呼吸系统的结构知之甚少。本研究旨在评估印度豪猪下呼吸道的组织形态结构，为识别该器官的正常结构提供依据。将四具成年印度豪猪（两雄两雌）的喉、气管和肺解剖并固定在 10%中性缓冲福尔马林中。对所有标本进行了大体解剖和组织学评估。宏观评估显示印度豪猪呼吸系统具有独特的结构，包括支气管起始处存在腔室样结构，以及雌雄两性的会厌形状不同。组织学上，复层扁平鳞状上皮覆盖会厌和杓状软骨，假复层纤毛柱状上皮覆盖甲状腺和环状软骨的内部。组织形态学研究表明，气管上皮有少量杯状细胞。在支气管和较大的细支气管中观察到假复层纤毛柱状上皮。支气管周围有软骨段。远端细支气管具有简单的立方/柱状上皮和（Clara）细胞，其壁缺乏软骨组织，并具有完整的平滑肌层。这些结果揭示了印度豪猪与其他啮齿动物之间的组织形态学差异。
