Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Feb;105(4):1647-1656. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11103-6. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Biofilms lead to approximately 65% of infections, and these infections are hard to treat. Thus, it is crucial to identify effective antibiofilm agents with low cytotoxicity. Peptides with antibiofilm activity have been regarded as promising solutions, and peptides with MBICs (minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations) that are lower than their minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) (minimal inhibitory concentrations) are appealing. Therefore, we systematically summarized and classified previously reported peptides with antibiofilm activity. A total of 51 peptides with antibiofilm activity were classified into 14 categories. The MICs and MBICs of these fourteen representative peptides, one selected from each category, were compared against the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans, the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the fungus Candida albicans. Six representative peptides (C5-pleurocidin, C6-Pac-525, C9-protegrin-1, C11-TetraF2W-RR, C13-WLBU2, and C14-melittin) showed antibiofilm activity against both bacteria and fungi, and among these 6 representative peptides, 4 peptides (C9-protegrin-1, C11-TetraF2W-RR, C13-WLBU2, and C14-melittin) could prevent biofilm formation with lower MBIC values than their MICs. CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) were further used to observe the morphologies of the biofilms after treatment with the peptides. Among the above 4 peptides, WLBU2 and melittin sparsely scattered the biofilms without destroying the bacteria. In conclusion, the currently reported peptides with antibiofilm activity are limited in number, but peptides with lower MBICs than MICs exist as promising candidates against biofilm-related infections and need further study. KEY POINTS: • Antibiofilm peptides could inhibit biofilm formation with MBICs that are lower than MICs. • The mechanism of antibiofilm peptides is not only due to antimicrobial activity.
生物膜导致约 65%的感染，这些感染很难治疗。因此，识别具有低细胞毒性的有效抗生物膜剂至关重要。具有抗生物膜活性的肽已被视为有前途的解决方案，并且具有低于最小抑菌浓度（MIC）的最小生物膜抑制浓度（MBIC）的肽很有吸引力。因此，我们系统地总结和分类了以前报道的具有抗生物膜活性的肽。共有 51 种具有抗生物膜活性的肽被分为 14 类。对这 14 种代表性肽中的每一种从每种类别中选择一种，与革兰氏阳性菌变形链球菌、革兰氏阴性菌铜绿假单胞菌和真菌白色念珠菌的 MIC 和 MBIC 进行了比较。六种代表性肽（C5-肺杀菌肽、C6-Pac-525、C9-防御素 1、C11-TetraF2W-RR、C13-WLBU2 和 C14-蜂毒素）对细菌和真菌均表现出抗生物膜活性，在这 6 种代表性肽中，有 4 种肽（C9-防御素 1、C11-TetraF2W-RR、C13-WLBU2 和 C14-蜂毒素）可以用低于 MIC 的较低 MBIC 值来预防生物膜形成。CLSM（共聚焦激光扫描显微镜）、SEM（扫描电子显微镜）和 TEM（透射电子显微镜）进一步用于观察用肽处理后的生物膜形态。在上述 4 种肽中，WLBU2 和蜂毒素稀疏地分散生物膜而不破坏细菌。总之，目前报道的具有抗生物膜活性的肽数量有限，但存在 MBIC 低于 MIC 的有前途的抗生物膜相关感染候选肽，需要进一步研究。 关键点： • 具有抗生物膜活性的肽可以用低于 MIC 的 MBIC 抑制生物膜形成。 • 抗生物膜肽的作用机制不仅是由于抗菌活性。
