Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Apr 24;270:113831. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113831. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
Clematis chinensis Osbeck (C. chinensis), Clematis hexapetala Pall (C. hexapetala) and Clematis terniflora var. mandshurica Rupr (C. mandshurica) are collectively referred to as Clematidis Radix et Rhizome (CRR) in China. CRR is widely distributed in China, which is used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat rheumatic arthralgia, limb numbness, tendon constriction and inconvenience in flexion and extension.
This review systematically summarized the research progress on uses, chemical components, pharmacological activities and toxicology of CRR, listed the chemical structures of main compounds for clarifying the differences in chemical compositions. Meanwhile, the review will provide a theoretical and practical basis for the further research and development of CRR.
The available information on CRR was collected using published materials and electronic databases, including ancient and modern books, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Ph.D. and M. Sc. dissertations, CNKI, SciFinder, WanFang data, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The starting and ending years of references is 1965-2020, the search strategy was conducted by key words such as uses, chemical components, pharmacology and toxicology of CRR.
Up to now, CRR has been used to treat various diseases/disorders, such as relieving rheumatism pain, treating cervical spondylopathy and scapulohumeral periarthritis, treating hepatic carcinoma and gastrointestinal, etc. In addition, more than 200 compounds have been isolated from the three plant species of Clematidis. Moreover, the crude extracts and isolated compounds of CRR have been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, etc. Toxicity studies have shown that CRR can cause oral burning, swelling, abdominal pain or severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing, dilated pupils, renal tissue structural changes, and severe death.
Researches in recent years mainly focused on C. chinensis and C. mandshurica, while there are a few reports on the pharmacological studies of C. hexapetala. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on C. hexapetala. Meanwhile, it is important to pay attention to pursue research on the similarities and differences between the three plant species of Clematidis to find their respective advantages and make rational use of CRR. In addition, there is no report on the mechanism of toxicity research, which needs more attention.
威灵仙（Clematis chinensis Osbeck）、棉团铁线莲（C. hexapetala Pall）和东北铁线莲（C. mandshurica Rupr）被统称为威灵仙根及根茎（CRR）。CRR 在中国广泛分布，被用作传统中药治疗风湿性关节炎、四肢麻木、肌腱挛缩以及屈伸不便。
本综述系统总结了 CRR 的用途、化学成分、药理活性和毒理学研究进展，列出了主要化合物的化学结构，以阐明化学成分的差异。同时，为进一步研究和开发 CRR 提供理论和实践基础。
使用已发表的材料和电子数据库（包括古代和现代书籍、中国药典、博士和硕士论文、中国知网、SciFinder、万方数据、PubMed、ScienceDirect 和 Web of Science）收集有关 CRR 的可用信息。参考文献的起始和结束年份为 1965-2020 年，检索策略通过 CRR 的用途、化学成分、药理学和毒理学等关键词进行。
迄今为止，CRR 已用于治疗各种疾病/病症，如缓解风湿疼痛、治疗颈椎病和肩周炎、治疗肝癌和胃肠道等。此外，从三种铁线莲属植物中已分离出 200 多种化合物。此外，CRR 的粗提取物和分离化合物已被报道具有广泛的药理活性，如抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗氧化活性等。毒性研究表明，CRR 可引起口腔灼烧、肿胀、腹痛或严重腹泻、呼吸困难、瞳孔扩大、肾组织结构改变以及严重死亡。
近年来的研究主要集中在威灵仙和东北铁线莲上，而关于棉团铁线莲的药理研究报道较少。因此，有必要对棉团铁线莲进行进一步研究。同时，注意研究三种铁线莲属植物的异同，寻找各自的优势，合理利用 CRR 非常重要。此外，毒性研究尚无报道，需要更多关注。
