Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - Campus Bambuí, 38900-000 Bambuí, MG, Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2021 Apr;157:107041. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107041. Epub 2021 Jan 18.
The clusioid clade comprises five monophyletic families: Bonnetiaceae, Calophyllaceae, Clusiaceae s.s., Hypericaceae, and Podostemaceae. Even though the circumscription of these families is well established, phylogenetic relationships within some families remain unresolved. This study aims to infer phylogenetic relationships within the Neotropical Calophylleae based on a broad sampling of taxa and a multilocus approach. We then use our phylogenetic framework as basis to investigate the evolution and biogeography of Calophylleae and diversification shifts in Calophyllaceae. To reconstruct the phylogeny of the Neotropical Calophylleae, we used five plastid (matK, ndhF, rbcL, psbA-trnH, and trnK), two mitochondrial (matR and rps3), and two nuclear (EMB2765 and ITS) markers, including previously published and newly generated sequences. We sampled 74 species, increasing sampling of Neotropical taxa by 500%. Our phylogenetic hypothesis for Calophyllaceae provides additional support for the monophyly of all genera and allowed us to identify four main clades: Calophyllum, Kayea, Mammea, and the Neotropical clade. The Neotropical clade includes three main lineages, a small clade composed of Clusiella and Marila, and a large HaCaKi clade (i.e., Haplocarpa, Caraipa, and Kilmeyera) that is sister to Mahurea exstipulata. The evolution of three morphological traits (i.e., fleshy fruits, anther glands, and winged seeds) were shown to be associated with changes in evolutionary dynamics in Calophyllaceae, while a biome shift was detected in Kielmeyera, affecting net diversification within this genus. Major geological and climatic events such as the Andean uplift and a gradual decrease in temperatures seem to have influenced diversification rates within the Neotropical Calophylleae.
Clusioid 分支包含五个单系科：Bonnetiaceae、Calophyllaceae、Clusiaceae s.s.、Hypericaceae 和 Podostemaceae。尽管这些科的范围已经确定，但一些科内的系统发育关系仍未解决。本研究旨在根据广泛的分类群采样和多基因座方法推断新热带 Calophylleae 内的系统发育关系。然后，我们使用我们的系统发育框架作为基础来研究 Calophylleae 的进化和生物地理学以及 Calophyllaceae 的多样化转变。为了重建新热带 Calophylleae 的系统发育，我们使用了五个质体（matK、ndhF、rbcL、psbA-trnH 和 trnK）、两个线粒体（matR 和 rps3）和两个核（EMB2765 和 ITS）标记，包括以前发表的和新生成的序列。我们采样了 74 种物种，增加了 500%的新热带分类群采样。我们对 Calophyllaceae 的系统发育假说提供了对所有属的单系性的额外支持，并允许我们确定四个主要分支：Calophyllum、Kayea、Mammea 和新热带分支。新热带分支包括三个主要谱系，一个由 Clusiella 和 Marila 组成的小分支，以及一个大型 HaCaKi 分支（即 Haplocarpa、Caraipa 和 Kilmeyera），该分支与 Mahurea exstipulata 为姐妹关系。三种形态特征（肉质果实、花药腺体和带翅种子）的进化与 Calophyllaceae 中进化动态的变化相关，而 Kielmeyera 中检测到生物群落转变，影响了该属内的净多样化。主要的地质和气候事件，如安第斯山脉的隆起和温度的逐渐下降，似乎影响了新热带 Calophylleae 内的多样化率。
