Dang Qian-Nan, Wang Jin-Xin, Yao Li-Xia, Lyu Guo-Li, Zhang Rui-Qi
Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Jan;32(1):281-288. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.014.
Based on grid sample method (20 m×20 m), spatial heterogeneity and distribution of soil water physical properties from 0 to 5 cm of the coal gangue pile in arid desert area were explored by using classical statistics and geostatistics methods. The results showed that the variation of soil bulk density, capillary porosity, capillary maximum moisture capacity, total porosity and saturated moisture contents were weak, while water content showed a moderate variation. The best fitting model of soil bulk density was Gaussian model, and exponential model was the best fitting model for other indices. The /(+) values of soil bulk density and water content were low and had strong spatial autocorrelation. The capillary porosity, capillary maximum moisture capacity, total porosity and soil saturated moisture showed moderate spatial autocorrelation. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with capillary porosity, capillary maximum moisture capacity, total porosity and water content, whereas there was no significant correlation between soil moisture content and other indices. Soil capillary porosity, capillary maximum moisture capacity, total porosity, and saturated water content showed a significant synergistic effect between each other. On Kriging contour maps, capillary porosity, capillary maximum moisture capacity, total porosity and saturated moisture had a similar spatial pattern, with high values on the middle and the left side of the lower slope, whereas soil bulk density showed an opposite pattern. Soil water content was mainly affected by the slope position and increased from the upper slope to the lower slope. Our results suggested that land preparation measures should be taken to loosen the soil in root area over the coal gangue pile in arid desert area during vegetation restoration. Moreover, irrigation amount should be properly increased on the upper slope during the initial stage of vegetation restoration, which could improve soil moisture status in the overlying soil area of coal gangue and create uniform and suitable soil water physical conditions for vegetation restoration.
基于网格采样法（20米×20米），运用经典统计学和地统计学方法，对干旱沙漠地区煤矸石山0至5厘米土层土壤水分物理性质的空间异质性及分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、总孔隙度和饱和含水量的变异程度较弱，而土壤含水量变异程度中等。土壤容重最优拟合模型为高斯模型，其他指标最优拟合模型为指数模型。土壤容重和含水量的/(+)值较低，具有较强的空间自相关性。毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、总孔隙度和土壤饱和含水量表现为中等空间自相关性。土壤容重与毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、总孔隙度和含水量呈负相关，而土壤含水量与其他指标之间无显著相关性。土壤毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、总孔隙度和饱和含水量之间存在显著协同效应。在克里格等值线图上，毛管孔隙度、毛管最大持水量、总孔隙度和饱和含水量具有相似的空间格局，在下坡中部和左侧较高，而土壤容重则呈现相反格局。土壤含水量主要受坡位影响，从上坡到下坡逐渐增加。研究结果表明，在干旱沙漠地区植被恢复过程中，应采取整地措施，疏松煤矸石山上部植被根系区域土壤。此外，在植被恢复初期，应适当增加上坡的灌溉量，以改善煤矸石上方土壤的水分状况，为植被恢复创造均匀适宜的土壤水分物理条件。
