Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 18;13(1):263. doi: 10.3390/nu13010263.
NutritionDay (nDay) is a project established by the Medical University of Vienna and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) to audit the nutritional status of hospitalized patients and nursing home residents. This study aimed to evaluate nDay data describing the prevalence of hospital malnutrition, nutritional risk factors, and elements of the nutritional care process implemented in hospital wards in 25 European countries and to compare the data derived from Poland with the data collected in all the European countries participating in the study. In total, 10,863 patients (European reference group: 10,863 participants including Poland: 498 participants) were involved in the study. The prevalence of malnutrition was identified on the basis of the ESPEN diagnostic criteria established in 2015, while the prevalence of nutritional risk factors was assessed by analyzing the following parameters: body mass index (BMI), score of Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), recent weight loss, insufficient food intake, decreased appetite, increased number of drugs intake, reduced mobility, and poor self-reported health status. Malnutrition prevalence was 12.9% in patients from the European reference group and 9.4% in patients from Polish hospital wards ( < 0.05). However, the prevalence of some nutritional risk factors, i.e., recent weight loss, history of decreased food intake, and low actual food intake, were approximately four times more prevalent than diagnosed malnutrition (referring to approximately 40-50% of all participants). In comparison to the European reference group, the significant differences observed in Polish hospital wards concerned mainly dietitian's involvement in the process of treating malnutrition (16% vs. 57.2%; < 0.001); supply of special diets (8% vs. 16.1%; < 0.0001); provision of oral nutritional support (ONS) (3.8% vs. 12.2%; < 0.0001); prescription of enteral/parenteral nutrition therapy to hospitalized patients (8.2% vs. 11.7%; < 0.001); as well as recording patient weight performed at hospital admission (100% vs. 72.9%; < 0.0001), weekly (20% vs. 41.4%; < 0.05), and occasionally (0% vs. 9.2%). These results indicate that the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk factors in hospitalized patients in Poland was slightly lower than in the European reference group. However, some elements of the nutritional care process in Polish hospitals were found insufficient and demand more attention.
营养日（nDay）是由维也纳医科大学和欧洲临床营养与代谢学会（ESPEN）设立的一个项目，旨在评估住院患者和养老院居民的营养状况。本研究旨在评估 nDay 数据，描述 25 个欧洲国家住院病房中医院营养不良、营养风险因素和营养护理过程实施情况的流行率，并将波兰的数据与参与研究的所有欧洲国家的数据进行比较。共有 10863 名患者（欧洲参考组：包括波兰在内的 10863 名参与者：498 名参与者）参与了这项研究。根据 2015 年 ESPEN 诊断标准确定营养不良的患病率，同时通过分析以下参数评估营养风险因素的患病率：体重指数（BMI）、营养不良筛查工具（MST）评分、近期体重减轻、食物摄入量不足、食欲减退、药物摄入增加、活动能力下降以及自我报告健康状况较差。欧洲参考组患者的营养不良患病率为 12.9%，波兰住院病房患者为 9.4%（<0.05）。然而，一些营养风险因素的患病率，如近期体重减轻、食物摄入量减少和实际食物摄入量低，比诊断出的营养不良患病率高约四倍（指所有参与者的 40-50%左右）。与欧洲参考组相比，波兰住院病房的显著差异主要涉及营养师参与治疗营养不良的过程（16%比 57.2%；<0.001）；供应特殊饮食（8%比 16.1%；<0.0001）；提供口服营养支持（ONS）（3.8%比 12.2%；<0.0001）；对住院患者开具肠内/肠外营养治疗处方（8.2%比 11.7%；<0.001）；以及记录患者入院时的体重（100%比 72.9%；<0.0001）、每周（20%比 41.4%；<0.05）和偶尔（0%比 9.2%）。这些结果表明，波兰住院患者的营养不良和营养不良风险因素的患病率略低于欧洲参考组。然而，波兰医院的一些营养护理过程的元素被发现不足，需要更多关注。
