A practical synthesis of amino limonin/deoxylimonin derivatives as effective mitigators against inflammation and nociception.

A practical synthetic route, consisting of 5 steps, has been developed and applied successfully for converting limonin/deoxylimonin into the corresponding amino derivatives - and - . Deoxylimonin analogs and bearing an open A ring structure underwent ring closure reaction by employing the Mitsunobu procedure to afford and . All of the 12 newly synthesized compounds were subjected to preliminary screening for evaluating their inflammation and nociception inhibition efficacy. The most promising compounds, and , were selected for further investigation by a carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model, both of which displayed a dose-response dependent manner and demonstrated superior anti inflammation capacity to that of indomethacin in the first 2 hours.