Sustainable Plant Protection Programme, IRTA, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain.
Fruit Production Programme, IRTA Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain.
J Econ Entomol. 2021 Apr 13;114(2):784-793. doi: 10.1093/jee/toaa298.
Conservation biological control could be an alternative to insecticides for the management of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). To develop sustainable strategies for M. persicae control in peach orchards in the Mediterranean, a 2-yr field experiment was conducted to identify the key predators of the aphid; to determine whether the proximity of insectary plants boost natural enemies of M. persicae in comparison to the resident vegetation; and whether selected insectary plants enhance natural enemy populations in the margins of peach orchards. Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and Episyrphus balteatus De Geer (Diptera: Syrphidae) were the most abundant predators found among sentinel aphid colonies, accounting for 57% and 26%, respectively. Samplings during 2015 yielded twice as many hoverflies in M. persicae sentinel plants close to the insectary plants as those close to the resident vegetation. The abundance of other natural enemies in sentinel plants, depending on their proximity to the insectary plants, was not significantly different in either of the 2 yr. Hoverflies hovered more often over the insectary plants than over the resident vegetation and landed significantly more often on Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC., and Sinapis alba L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) than on Achillea millefollium L. (Asterales: Compositae). Parasitoids were significantly more abundant in L. maritima and A. millefollium. The vicinity of selected insectary plants to peach orchards could improve the presence of hoverflies, which might benefit the biological control of M. persicae.
生物防治在桃树上替代杀虫剂防治烟粉虱的应用研究
为了在地中海地区发展可持续的桃蚜防治策略，我们进行了为期两年的田间试验，以确定蚜虫的主要捕食者；确定与常驻植被相比，温室植物是否能促进烟粉虱的天敌；以及选择的温室植物是否能增加桃园边缘的天敌数量。丽蚜小蜂（Rondani）（双翅目：瘿蚊科）和黑带食蚜蝇（Episyrphus balteatus De Geer）（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）是在哨兵蚜虫群体中发现的最丰富的捕食者，分别占 57%和 26%。2015 年的采样结果表明，在靠近温室植物的烟粉虱哨兵植物中， hoveringflies 的数量是靠近常驻植被的两倍。在这两年中，靠近温室植物的其他天敌在哨兵植物中的丰度并没有显著差异。hoveringflies 在温室植物上的停留时间比在常驻植被上的停留时间长，并且在 Lobularia maritima（L.）Desv.、Moricandia arvensis（L.）DC.和Sinapis alba L.（十字花科：十字花科）上降落的次数明显多于在 Achillea millefollium L.（菊科：菊科）上降落的次数。寄生蜂在 L. maritima 和 A. millefollium 中更为丰富。选择的温室植物靠近桃园可以提高 hoveringflies 的存在，这可能有利于烟粉虱的生物防治。
