Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, China.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 22;16(1):e0245560. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245560. eCollection 2021.
Wide Area Protection System (WAPS) undertakes the important task of maintaining system reliability and stability when the power system is subject to abnormal or predetermined unstable conditions. The existing WAPS adopts a centralized mechanism to record and audit communication messages, which faces the risk of excessive authority and tampering with communication records and audit logs, thus making it impossible to achieve true transparency and fairness. Due to the involvement of multiple parties and equipment maintained by different manufacturers in the communication of WAPS, there are difficulties in tracing the cause of the accident and determining the at-fault party following misoperations and miss trips. To address this issue, we propose a semi-centralized blockchain system with multi-chain for auditing communications of WAPS. We first propose a semi-centralized system architecture according to the system architecture and management requirements of WAPS. Then, we utilize the blockchain network as a self-recording channel to achieve tamper-proof and non-repudiation verification interaction. We also design a multi-chain structure and classification node mechanism to meet the communication auditing requirements of multiple WAPS. We have designed a new block structure that conforms to the communication protocol of WAPS. To reduce the storage burden caused by the ever-expanding blockchain ledger, we propose a deletable blockchain scheme while maintaining the integrity and security of blockchain. Analysis and experiments show that the proposed blockchain system can support the secure, transparent, tamper-proof and traceable communication recording and auditing of WAPS along with high performance.
广域保护系统（WAPS）承担着在电力系统受到异常或预定不稳定条件时维护系统可靠性和稳定性的重要任务。现有的 WAPS 采用集中式机制来记录和审核通信消息，但面临着权限过大、篡改通信记录和审核日志的风险，从而无法实现真正的透明性和公平性。由于 WAPS 的通信涉及多个方和由不同制造商维护的设备，因此在发生误操作和跳闸等事故后，很难追踪事故原因并确定责任方。针对这个问题，我们提出了一种用于审核 WAPS 通信的基于多链的半集中式区块链系统。我们首先根据 WAPS 的系统架构和管理要求提出了一种半集中式系统架构。然后，我们利用区块链网络作为自记录通道，实现了防篡改和不可否认的验证交互。我们还设计了一种多链结构和分类节点机制，以满足多个 WAPS 的通信审核要求。我们设计了一种新的符合 WAPS 通信协议的块结构。为了减少由于区块链账本不断扩展而导致的存储负担，我们提出了一种可删除的区块链方案，同时保持区块链的完整性和安全性。分析和实验表明，所提出的区块链系统可以支持 WAPS 的安全、透明、防篡改和可追溯的通信记录和审核，同时具有高性能。
