Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia.
University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jan 22;21(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06076-1.
Community pharmacies provide an appropriate setting to deliver minor ailment services (MASs). Many community pharmacy services have been developed previously without stakeholder involvement. As a result, implementation of services may fail to produce the expected impact. The aim of this research was to co-design and test the feasibility of an Australian MAS for minor ailment presentations.
This study used co-design methodology which included two phases: (1) a focus group with stakeholders to allow the conceptualization of the service and agreement on service elements; (2) a literature review of clinical guidelines and three working meetings with a team of editors and general practitioners for the development of treatment pathways. Following this, a study evaluating the feasibility of the co-designed service was undertaken. The qualitative part of the methodology associated with the feasibility study comprised semi-structured interviews with MAS pharmacists, observation and completion of a tool by change facilitators identifying barriers and facilitators to service delivery. Qualitative data obtained for all phases were analysed using thematic analysis.
The developed service included the following components: (i) an in-pharmacy consultation between the patient and pharmacist, (ii) treatment pathways accessible to pharmacists on the internet to guide consultations, (iii) existing digital communication systems used by general practice to exchange patient information, (iv) training, and (v) change facilitation. As a result of feasibility testing, twenty-six implementation factors were identified for practice change, with the main change being the simplification of the pharmacist-patient consultation and data collection processes.
An Australian MAS was generated as a result of co-design, while testing revealed that the co-designed service was feasible. As a result of integrating the views of multiple stakeholders, the designed MAS has been adapted to suit healthcare practices, which may increase the acceptance and impact of MAS when implemented into practice.
社区药店为提供小病服务（MASs）提供了适当的环境。许多社区药店服务以前都是在没有利益相关者参与的情况下开发的。因此，服务的实施可能无法产生预期的影响。本研究的目的是共同设计和测试澳大利亚 MAS 用于小病就诊的可行性。
本研究采用共同设计方法，包括两个阶段：（1）利益相关者焦点小组，允许服务概念化并就服务要素达成一致；（2）对临床指南进行文献回顾，并与编辑和全科医生团队举行三次工作会议，制定治疗途径。在此之后，进行了一项评估共同设计服务可行性的研究。与可行性研究相关的方法的定性部分包括对 MAS 药剂师进行半结构化访谈、观察和由变革推动者完成的工具，以确定服务提供的障碍和促进因素。对所有阶段获得的定性数据进行主题分析。
开发的服务包括以下组成部分：（i）患者和药剂师在药店进行的咨询，（ii）药剂师可在互联网上访问的治疗途径，以指导咨询，（iii）全科医生用于交换患者信息的现有数字通信系统，（iv）培训和（v）变革推动。由于可行性测试，确定了 26 个实践变革的实施因素，主要变革是简化药剂师-患者咨询和数据收集过程。
通过共同设计生成了澳大利亚 MAS，而测试结果表明共同设计的服务是可行的。通过整合多方利益相关者的意见，设计的 MAS 已适应医疗保健实践，这可能会增加 MAS 在实施时的接受度和影响力。
