加热犬血清后，检测心丝虫抗原，无与蠕虫和原生动物的交叉反应。
Detection of heartworm antigen without cross-reactivity to helminths and protozoa following heat treatment of canine serum.
机构信息
Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1130 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2021 Jan 22;14(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04573-6.
BACKGROUND
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis, or heartworm, through antigen in sera is the primary means of diagnosing infections in dogs. In recent years, the practice of heat-treating serum prior to antigen testing has demonstrated improved detection of heartworm infection. While the practice of heat-treating serum has resulted in earlier detection and improved sensitivity for heartworm infections, it has been suggested that heat treatment may cause cross reactivity with A. reconditum and intestinal helminth infections of dogs. No studies have assessed the potential cross-reactivity of these parasites with heartworm tests before and after heat treatment using blood products and an appropriate gold standard reference.
METHODS
Canine sera (n=163) was used to evaluate a heartworm antigen-ELISA (DiroCHEK®) and potential cross-reactivity with common parasitic infections. The heartworm status and additional parasite infections were confirmed by necropsy and adult helminth species verified morphologically or by PCR, and feces evaluated by centrifugal fecal flotation.
RESULTS
Intestinal parasites were confirmed in 140 of the dogs by necropsy, and 130 by fecal flotation. Acanthocheilonema reconditum microfilariae were confirmed in 22 dogs. Prevalence of heartworm infection confirmed by necropsy was 35.6% (58/163). In the 105 dogs without heartworms, specificity remained unchanged at 100% both before and after heat treatment despite confirmed infections with A. reconditum, Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma brasiliense, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra mansonoides, Macracanthorynchus ingens, Cystoisospora sp., Giardia sp., and Sarcocystis sp.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that the use of heat treatment improves sensitivity of heartworm tests and is unlikely to cause false positive antigen results due to Acanthocheilonema reconditum, intestinal helminths, and protozoal parasites in dogs.
背景
通过血清中的抗原检测犬心丝虫（Dirofilaria immitis），即心丝虫，是诊断犬感染的主要手段。近年来，在进行抗原检测之前对血清进行热处理已被证明可提高心丝虫感染的检测率。虽然血清热处理可更早地检测到心丝虫感染并提高其敏感性，但有人认为热处理可能导致与犬弓首蛔虫（Acanthocheilonema reconditum）和肠道寄生虫感染的交叉反应。尚未有研究评估在使用血液制品和适当的金标准参考物进行热处理前后，这些寄生虫与心丝虫检测之间的潜在交叉反应。
方法
使用犬血清（n=163）评估心丝虫抗原 ELISA（DiroCHEK®）以及与常见寄生虫感染的潜在交叉反应。通过剖检确认心丝虫状态和其他寄生虫感染，通过形态学或 PCR 验证确定成年寄生虫种类，并通过离心粪便漂浮法评估粪便。
结果
剖检确认 140 只犬存在肠道寄生虫，粪便漂浮法确认 130 只犬存在肠道寄生虫。22 只犬中确认存在犬弓首蛔虫微丝蚴。剖检确认的心丝虫感染率为 35.6%（58/163）。在 105 只没有心丝虫的犬中，尽管确认存在犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩口线虫、巴西钩口线虫、毛首线虫、犬蛔虫、犬复孔绦虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫、巨吻棘头虫、等孢球虫、贾第虫属和肉孢子虫感染，但热处理前后的特异性仍保持不变，均为 100%。
结论
这些发现表明，使用热处理可提高心丝虫检测的敏感性，且不太可能因犬弓首蛔虫、肠道寄生虫和原生动物寄生虫导致假阳性抗原结果。
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