Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Acta Biomater. 2021 Oct 1;133:139-152. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.016. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Biomaterials continue to evolve as complex engineered tools for interactively instructing biological systems, aiding in the understanding and treatment of various disease states through intimate biological interaction. The immune response to polymeric materials is a critical area of study, as it governs the body's response to biomaterial implants, drug delivery vehicles, and even therapeutic drug formulations. Importantly, the development of the immune response to polymeric biomaterials spans length scales - from single molecular interactions to the complex sensing of bulk biophysical properties, all of which coordinate a tissue- and systems-level response. In this review, we specifically discuss a bottom-up approach to designing biomaterials that use molecular-scale interactions to drive immune response to polymers and discuss how these interactions can be leveraged for biomaterial design. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune system is an integral controller of (patho)physiological processes, affecting nearly all aspects of human health and disease. Polymeric biomaterials, whether biologically derived or synthetically produced, can potentially alter the behavior of immune cells due to their molecular-scale interaction with individual cells, as well as their interpretation at the bulk scale. This article reviews common mechanisms by which immune cells interact with polymers at the molecular level and discusses how these interactions are being leveraged to produce the next generation of biocompatible and immunomodulatory materials.
生物材料作为复杂的工程工具不断发展，用于与生物系统进行互动式指导，通过密切的生物学相互作用，帮助理解和治疗各种疾病状态。聚合物材料的免疫反应是一个关键的研究领域，因为它决定了身体对生物材料植入物、药物输送载体甚至治疗性药物制剂的反应。重要的是，聚合物生物材料免疫反应的发展跨越了长度尺度——从单个分子相互作用到对大块生物物理性质的复杂感应，所有这些都协调了组织和系统水平的反应。在这篇综述中，我们特别讨论了一种自下而上的方法来设计生物材料，该方法利用分子尺度的相互作用来驱动对聚合物的免疫反应，并讨论了如何利用这些相互作用来进行生物材料设计。
免疫系统是（病理）生理过程的一个组成部分，几乎影响到人类健康和疾病的所有方面。由于其与单个细胞的分子尺度相互作用以及在大块尺度上的解释，生物来源或合成产生的聚合物生物材料可能会改变免疫细胞的行为。本文综述了免疫细胞在分子水平上与聚合物相互作用的常见机制，并讨论了如何利用这些相互作用来生产下一代生物相容性和免疫调节材料。
