Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Chemical and Food Technology Department, CEIGRAM, Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Mar 15;211:111916. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111916. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can reach soil in both deliberate and non-deliberate ways, which leads to contamination. Notwithstanding knowledge about ZnO-NPs impacts on earthworms inhabiting these soils is limited and gaps appear in the recovery of damaged functions after their migration to unpolluted environments. To estimate these impacts, earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to different concentrations of coated ZnO-NPs (20, 250, 500, 1000 mgZnkg) in an acidic agricultural soil (pH 5.4) for 28 days. Subsequently, earthworms were placed in the same unpolluted soil to study the depletion of Zn accumulated and the recovery potential of the affected functions for another 28-day period.In the exposure phase, ecotoxicological responses were dose-dependent. Mortality and growth were affected at 500 and 1000 mg kg, and the reproduction was impaired from 250 mgZnkg compared to control (54% fecundity and 80% fertility reduction). Zn uptake increased with coated ZnO-NPs in soil but it did not exceed 163 mgZnkg earthworm. During the recovery period, the Zn in earthworms were similar to the control regardless of the initially Zn accumulated. Reproduction parameters returned to the control values in the animals pre-exposed to 250 mgZnkg as coated ZnO-NP. In the earthworms preexposed to the two highest doses, growth and fertility were stimulated compared to the control when placed in clean soil, but not fecundity. However, the total hatchlings number did not reach the control figures after 28 days, but probably would for in longer times, which would be key for maintaining earthworm populations.
氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO-NPs）可以通过故意和非故意的方式进入土壤，从而导致污染。尽管人们对居住在这些土壤中的蚯蚓受到 ZnO-NPs 影响的了解有限，而且在它们迁移到未受污染的环境后，受损功能的恢复情况也存在差距。为了评估这些影响，将赤子爱胜蚓暴露于不同浓度的涂层 ZnO-NPs（20、250、500、1000mgZnkg）于酸性农业土壤（pH 5.4）中 28 天。随后，将蚯蚓置于相同的未受污染的土壤中，以研究在另一个 28 天的时期内，积累的 Zn 的消耗和受影响功能的恢复潜力。在暴露阶段，生态毒性反应与剂量有关。在 500 和 1000mgkg 时，死亡率和生长受到影响，与对照组相比，繁殖从 250mgZnkg 开始受到损害（生育力降低 54%，繁殖力降低 80%）。Zn 在土壤中的吸收随涂层 ZnO-NPs 的增加而增加，但不超过 163mgkg 蚯蚓。在恢复期内，无论最初积累的 Zn 如何，蚯蚓体内的 Zn 都与对照组相似。在预暴露于 250mgZnkg 涂层 ZnO-NP 的动物中，繁殖参数恢复到对照组水平。在暴露于两个最高剂量的蚯蚓中，与对照组相比，当置于清洁土壤中时，生长和繁殖力受到刺激，但生育力不受刺激。然而，在 28 天后，总孵化幼虫数量并未达到对照组的水平，但可能在更长的时间内达到，这对于维持蚯蚓种群至关重要。
