关于在伊朗实施自闭症筛查计划的考虑因素：专业人士和家长的观点——一项定性研究。
Considerations about the implementation of an autism screening program in Iran from the viewpoints of professionals and parents: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
HEB School of Business & Administration, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, TX, USA.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 23;21(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03061-0.
BACKGROUND
The aims of this study were to explore to explore the viewpoints of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and professionals regarding the implementation of screening programs for ASD, to explore the challenges of the implementation of a universal screening program for ASD in Iran from their viewpoints, and, to explore their recommendations to overcome the potential challenges.
METHOD
This qualitative study was conducted using an inductive content analysis, between June 2018 and December 2018, in East-Azerbaijan province of Iran. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The participants were purposively selected among two groups: representatives of health system and representatives of children with ASD. A sample of 32 parents and 30 professionals were recruited in this study.
RESULTS
Totally, 9 main themes and 23 sub-themes were extracted in three main areas including: viewpoints of the participants about universal screening for ASD, challenges in implementation of the universal screening program, and participants' recommendations about how to overcome the potential challenges. Main challenges in implementation of the universal screening program included: shortages of ASD screening tools, weakness of the health system, lack of coordination among the ASD service providers, and social and ethical issues.
CONCLUSION
The parents and the professionals had different viewpoints about the implementation of ASD universal screening program in Iran. According to the professionals, there is not enough rational to implement ASD screening program for all children. However, the parents believed that universal screening program is inevitable, and it should be implemented in primary health centers during the early child-care visits. The results of this study open up unspoken issues that could help in initiating the screening program not only in Iran but also in other low- and middle-income countries as well.
背景
本研究旨在探索自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的家长和专业人士对实施 ASD 筛查计划的观点，从他们的角度探讨在伊朗实施 ASD 普遍筛查计划所面临的挑战，并探讨他们克服潜在挑战的建议。
方法
本定性研究于 2018 年 6 月至 12 月在伊朗东阿塞拜疆省进行，采用归纳内容分析法。通过深入访谈和焦点小组讨论收集数据。参与者是从两个群体中选择的：卫生系统代表和 ASD 儿童代表。本研究共招募了 32 名家长和 30 名专业人士。
结果
共提取了 9 个主要主题和 23 个子主题，分为三个主要领域：参与者对 ASD 普遍筛查的观点、普遍筛查计划实施的挑战以及参与者关于如何克服潜在挑战的建议。普遍筛查计划实施的主要挑战包括：ASD 筛查工具短缺、卫生系统薄弱、ASD 服务提供者之间缺乏协调以及社会和伦理问题。
结论
家长和专业人士对伊朗实施 ASD 普遍筛查计划的观点存在分歧。根据专业人士的说法，没有足够的理由为所有儿童实施 ASD 筛查计划。然而，家长们认为普遍筛查计划是不可避免的，应该在初级保健中心的幼儿保健访问期间实施。本研究的结果揭示了一些未被提及的问题，这些问题有助于在伊朗乃至其他中低收入国家启动筛查计划。
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