Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Palacký University, Palackého 12, Olomouc, 779 00, Czech Republic.
Czech Educational and Dental Research Innovative Group (CEDRIG), Brno, Czech Republic.
BMC Oral Health. 2021 Jan 23;21(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01400-x.
Preservation of the interdental papilla is an essential part of the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of dental treatment. It has been described that thicker gingival tissues are more resistant to recession. The main objective of this investigation was to analyze whether a thin gingival phenotype represents a potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width in an esthetic region between maxillary central incisors. The secondary goals were: (1) to analyze parameters describing the papilla-fill, height, width, and effect of papilla base width on the vertical papillary dimension; (2) to determine correlation between different non-invasive measurements of gingival thickness; (3) to compare both sexes.
A total of 54 periodontally healthy students (20-30 years old) were included in the study. Gingival thickness was measured using Pirop Ultrasonic Biometer. Gingival phenotype was also assessed by gingival probe transparency. Papilla height and width were measured, and the degree of papilla recession was classified.
No significant relationship between papilla fill, height, width and gingival probe transparency or gingival thickness was found. Gingival thickness and gingival probe transparency showed a significant relationship (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between papilla height and papilla fill (P = 0.028). A papilla which filled the interdental space completely seemed to be shorter. A strong positive correlation between papilla height and papilla width was found (P < 0.0001). The papilla between maxillary central incisors was significantly higher in males (P = 0.01).
The appearance of the interdental papilla may be influenced by various factors. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that the thin gingival phenotype alone is no potential risk indicator affecting interdental papilla fill, height, or width. It seems that there may be some effect of papilla base width on its vertical dimension. Gingival probe transparency is a simple reliable method of assessment of gingival thickness with a threshold value of 1-mm gingival thickness between the thick and thin phenotypes.
保持牙周乳头是牙齿治疗功能和美观修复的重要组成部分。已经描述过，较厚的牙龈组织更能抵抗退缩。本研究的主要目的是分析薄牙龈表型是否代表影响上颌中切牙之间美学区域牙周乳头填充、高度或宽度的潜在风险指标。次要目标是：（1）分析描述乳头填充、高度、宽度和乳头基部宽度对垂直乳头尺寸的影响的参数；（2）确定不同牙龈厚度非侵入性测量之间的相关性；（3）比较两性。
本研究共纳入 54 名牙周健康的学生（20-30 岁）。使用 Pirop 超声生物仪测量牙龈厚度。牙龈表型也通过牙龈探针透明度进行评估。测量了乳头高度和宽度，并对乳头退缩程度进行了分类。
未发现乳头填充、高度、宽度与牙龈探针透明度或牙龈厚度之间存在显著关系。牙龈厚度和牙龈探针透明度之间存在显著关系（P<0.001）。乳头高度和乳头填充之间存在显著关系（P=0.028）。完全填满牙间隙的乳头似乎更短。发现乳头高度和乳头宽度之间存在很强的正相关关系（P<0.0001）。上颌中切牙之间的乳头在男性中明显更高（P=0.01）。
牙周乳头的外观可能受到多种因素的影响。在本研究的限制范围内，结果表明，单独的薄牙龈表型并不是影响牙周乳头填充、高度或宽度的潜在风险指标。乳头基部宽度对其垂直尺寸可能有一定影响。牙龈探针透明度是评估牙龈厚度的一种简单可靠的方法，其在厚型和薄型之间的阈值为 1 毫米牙龈厚度。
