Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Jun 28;274:113850. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113850. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
Cissampelos pareira, a well-known medicinal climber-plant of the Menispermaceae family, has been extensively used in the traditional medicinal system since the ancient time for the treatment of numerous diseases such as ulcer, wound, rheumatism, fever, asthma, cholera, diarrhoea, inflammation, snakebite, malaria, rabies, and also recommended for blood purification.
The main purpose of this review is to provide updated information on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis, pharmacology, and toxicology of C. pareira along with the possible future research. This information will help to provide a foundation for plant-based drug discovery in the near future.
The online databases such as Scifinder, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to collect electronically available literature data on C. pareira. Ayurveda text is searched for the traditional uses of this plant in India. The published books are also searched for the information on this plant. Our search was based on traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential by using "Cissampelos pareira" as the keyword.
To date, approximately 54 phytomolecules have been isolated and characterized from C. pareira including mainly isoquinoline alkaloids along with few flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and fatty acids. The crude extracts of C. pareira have shown various pharmacological activities such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antiulcer, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifertility, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antivenom, antimalarial, and immunomodulatory, etc. The chemical fingerprinting of C. pareira carried out using HPTLC, HPLC, UPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS, revealed the presence of alkaloids (isoquinoline alkaloids), fatty acids, and flavonoid glycosides. Moreover, the toxicological assessment of C. pareira has been moderately investigated, which requires further comprehensive studies.
Comprehensive literature survey reveals that till date, remarkable growth has been made on phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. pareira reflecting the great medicinal potential of this plant. Although some of the traditional uses have been well clarified and documented by modern pharmacological analysis, the correlation between its pharmacological activities and particular phytoconstituents still needs to be validated. Furthermore, there is partial data available on most of the pharmacological studies, along with incomplete toxicological screening. Future research needs to pay more attention to pharmacological studies of C. pareira via pre-clinical and clinical trials. Additionally, scientific validation of traditional knowledge of C. pareira is vital for ensuring safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action before clinical uses.
水蜈蚣，防己科一种著名的药用攀援植物，自古以来在传统医学体系中被广泛用于治疗多种疾病，如溃疡、创伤、风湿、发热、哮喘、霍乱、腹泻、炎症、蛇咬伤、疟疾、狂犬病等，并被推荐用于血液净化。
本次综述的主要目的是提供水蜈蚣的民族药理学、植物化学、色谱和光谱分析、药理学和毒理学方面的最新信息，并对未来的研究方向进行展望。这些信息将有助于为未来的植物药研发提供基础。
使用 Scifinder、Web of Science、PubMed 和 Google Scholar 等在线数据库收集有关水蜈蚣的电子文献数据。在印度，阿育吠陀文本中也搜索了这种植物的传统用途。还查阅了有关该植物的出版书籍。我们的搜索基于传统用途、植物学、植物化学和药理学潜力，使用“水蜈蚣”作为关键词。
迄今为止，已从水蜈蚣中分离鉴定出约 54 种植物化学物质，主要为异喹啉生物碱，还有少量黄酮类、黄酮苷类和脂肪酸。水蜈蚣的粗提取物具有多种药理活性，如解热、抗炎、抗关节炎、抗溃疡、降血糖、抗癌、抗生育、抗菌、抗氧化、抗蛇毒、抗疟、免疫调节等。使用 HPTLC、HPLC、UPLC、LC-MS 和 GC-MS 对水蜈蚣进行化学指纹分析，结果表明存在生物碱（异喹啉生物碱）、脂肪酸和黄酮苷。此外，水蜈蚣的毒理学评估已得到适度研究，但仍需要进一步全面研究。
全面的文献调查显示，迄今为止，水蜈蚣的植物化学和药理学研究取得了显著进展，反映了该植物巨大的药用潜力。虽然一些传统用途已经通过现代药理学分析得到了很好的阐明和证实，但它的药理活性与特定植物化学物质之间的关系仍需要进一步验证。此外，大多数药理研究只有部分数据，同时毒理学筛选也不完全。未来的研究需要更加关注水蜈蚣的药理研究，包括临床前和临床试验。此外，对水蜈蚣的传统知识进行科学验证对于确保其在临床应用前的安全性、有效性和作用机制至关重要。
