Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Nov 15;262:113122. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113122. Epub 2020 Jul 27.
Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. commonly known as ananthamool is a climbing perennial plant which is widely used in Indian traditional medicine. T. indica exhibits diverse range of pharmacological activities viz. antiasthmatic, antidiarrheal, anticancer, antiarthritic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: Present review aims to grant an up-to-date insight into the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. indica, exploring its future research and opportunities.
Comprehensive information regarding T. indica was collected using the keywords Tylophora indica or Indian ipecac or ananthamool in various electronic databases ACS, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, Springer Link and Wiley. In addition, some books and book chapters were also consulted.
T. indica has been traditionally used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in the form of various preparations like powder, decoction, pulp, paste and extract alone or in combination with other herbs against various ailments like skin disorders, inflammation, cough, asthma, diarrhea, cancer, microbial infections etc. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on T. indica revealed its potential as antiasthmatic, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiarrheal agent etc. A diverse range of phytochemical constituents have been isolated and identified from T. indica namely alkaloids (Tylophorine, Tylophorinine, Tylophorinidine), flavonoids (Kaempferol & Quercetin) terpenoids (α-Amyrin & β-Amyrin) and sterols (β-sitosetrol). Amongst which phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids isolated from roots and leaves are largely explored and considered to be the most active constituent of plant.
Present review provides an insight into botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. indica. As an important traditional Indian medicine, few ethnobotanicals use of T. indica have been supported by modern pharmacological studies, especially in asthma, cancer and inflammation. Among compounds from various phytochemical classes, phenanthoindolizidine alkaloids namely tylophorine and tylophorinidine alkaloids have been considered as bioactive components of the plant and widely investigated. However, further identification, isolation and quantification employing some advanced hyphenated techniques viz. LC-MS/MS, LC-NMR to discover new pharmacologically active phytoconstituents in the management of different diseases. Several investigators have highlighted possible therapeutic roles of T. indica extracts and isolated compounds. Moreover, information about various aspects of T. indica pertaining to phytochemistry, toxicology and quality control are still unresolved. Further in-depth studies are required to discover key features viz. structure activity relationships, mode of action, safety and toxicity and therapeutic potentials T. indica in clinical settings.
印度钩吻（Burm. f.）Merr. 俗称 ananthamool，是一种攀援多年生植物，在印度传统医学中被广泛应用。印度钩吻表现出多种药理学活性，如抗哮喘、抗腹泻、抗癌、抗关节炎、抗癫痫、抗炎等。
本综述旨在提供有关印度钩吻的植物学、民族药理学、植物化学、药理学和毒理学的最新见解，探索其未来的研究和机会。
使用 Tylophora indica 或 Indian ipecac 或 ananthamool 等关键词，在各种电子数据库（ACS、Google Scholar、Pubmed、Science Direct、SciFinder、Web of Science、Springer Link 和 Wiley）中收集了有关印度钩吻的综合信息。此外，还查阅了一些书籍和章节。
印度钩吻在印度、孟加拉国和斯里兰卡以各种制剂的形式被传统使用，如粉末、煎剂、浆糊、糊剂和提取物，单独或与其他草药一起用于治疗各种疾病，如皮肤疾病、炎症、咳嗽、哮喘、腹泻、癌症、微生物感染等。对印度钩吻的体外和体内药理学研究表明，它具有抗哮喘、抗过敏、抗炎、抗癌、抗菌、抗氧化、抗腹泻等潜在作用。从印度钩吻中分离和鉴定出多种植物化学物质，包括生物碱（Tylophorine、Tylophorinine、Tylophorinidine）、类黄酮（山奈酚和槲皮素）、三萜（α-香树脂醇和 β-香树脂醇）和甾醇（β-谷甾醇）。其中，从根和叶中分离出的菲并吲哚里西啶生物碱得到了广泛的研究，并被认为是植物中最活跃的成分。
本综述提供了有关印度钩吻的植物学、民族药理学、植物化学、药理学和毒理学的深入了解。作为一种重要的印度传统药物，一些印度钩吻的民族植物学用途已得到现代药理学研究的支持，特别是在哮喘、癌症和炎症方面。在各种植物化学类别的化合物中，菲并吲哚里西啶生物碱，即 tylophorine 和 tylophorinidine 生物碱，已被认为是该植物的生物活性成分，并得到了广泛的研究。然而，需要进一步使用一些先进的联用技术，如 LC-MS/MS、LC-NMR，对不同疾病的管理进行新的药理学活性植物成分的鉴定、分离和定量，以发现新的药理学活性植物成分。一些研究人员强调了印度钩吻提取物和分离化合物的可能治疗作用。此外，关于印度钩吻的各个方面，如植物化学、毒理学和质量控制的信息仍然没有得到解决。需要进一步深入研究，以发现印度钩吻在临床环境中的关键特征，如结构活性关系、作用机制、安全性和毒性以及治疗潜力。
