Obstetric and perinatal outcomes for women with pre-existing diabetes in rural compared to metropolitan settings in Victoria, Australia.

BACKGROUND

Pre-existing diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications. Likewise, living in rural, regional and remote Victoria, Australia, is also associated with poorer health outcomes. There is a gap in the literature with regard to whether Victorian women with pre-existing diabetes experience a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts.

AIM

Our objective is to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes for women with pre-existing diabetes delivering in rural vs metropolitan hospitals in Victoria, Australia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Retrospective population-based study using routinely collected state-based data of singleton births to women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who delivered in metropolitan (n = 3233) and rural hospitals (n = 693) in Victoria, Australia, between 2006-2015. Pearson's χ test, Fisher's exact test and MannWhitney U-test were used to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes between metropolitan and rural locations.

RESULTS

Delivery in a rural hospital was associated with higher rates of stillbirth (2.3% vs 1.1%, P = 0.027), macrosomia (25.9% vs 16.9%, P < 0.001), shoulder dystocia (8.4% vs 3.5%, P < 0.001) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit/special care nursery (73.2% vs 59.3%, P < 0.001). Smoking (18.0% vs 8.9%, P < 0.001), overweight/obesity (P = 0.047) and socioeconomic disadvantage (P < 0.001) were more common in rural women.

CONCLUSIONS

Women with pre-existing diabetes who deliver in rural hospitals experience a greater risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and present with increased maternal risk factors. These results suggest a need to improve care for women with pre-existing diabetes in rural Victoria.