Marmara University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Istanbul, Turkey.
Ministry of Health, University of Health Sciences Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, 34718, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021 Feb;41:261-267. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 23.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of inpatients. The aim of this study is to determine the malnutrition risk of hospitalized patients and to examine the relationship between the presence of malnutrition and other parameters.
The study included 162 inpatients over the age of 25 who were staying in the hospital's internal medicine service for 7 days or more and who volunteered to participate in the study. A demographic-information questionnaire, consisting of 5 sections, a 24-h food recall record, NRS-2002, NRI and Beck Depression Inventory was given to patients during bedside interviews. After obtaining the necessary permission, the anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameter values of the patients were taken from their files. All statistical analyzes were performed by researchers with the SPSS package program.
Of 162 patients (48.8% female, 51.2% male), 24.7% were at risk for malnutrition according to NRS-2002 and 66.7% of the patients were not depressive, based on the Beck Depression Inventory scale. The malnutrition risk was higher (60.0%) in patients who had been hospitalized for more than 15 days (p = 0.010). The majority of those with malnutrition had no problems preventing them from eating (32.5%), were found to be not depressive (52.5%) and were in the normal range of body mass index (57.5%) (p = 0.002, p = 0.034, p = 0.001; respectively). Nutrient intake was lower in patients with a higher malnutrition risk, but the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). Albumin levels (p = 0.028) and total protein levels (p = 0.015) were significantly lower in patients who were at risk of malnutrition. While overweight patients showed higher levels of serum albumin (p < 0.001), CRP levels were found to be lower in overweight patients (p < 0.001).
It was found that the majority of patients with malnutrition were in the normal range for BMI. Nutritional intake and biochemical parameters should be followed closely in patients who are at risk of malnutrition. Depression can be a cause for insufficient nutrition and should be evaluated, particularly in patients whose length of hospital stay is greater than 7 days.
营养不良是影响住院患者预后的最重要因素之一。本研究旨在确定住院患者的营养不良风险，并研究营养不良与其他参数之间的关系。
本研究纳入了年龄在 25 岁以上、在医院内科住院 7 天以上并自愿参加研究的 162 名住院患者。通过床边访谈，向患者发放了一份由 5 个部分组成的人口统计学信息问卷、24 小时食物回忆记录、NRS-2002、NRI 和贝克抑郁量表。在获得必要的许可后，从患者的档案中获取了他们的人体测量学测量值和生化参数值。所有统计分析均由研究人员使用 SPSS 软件包程序完成。
在 162 名患者中（女性占 48.8%，男性占 51.2%），根据 NRS-2002，24.7%的患者有营养不良风险，根据贝克抑郁量表，66.7%的患者无抑郁症状。住院时间超过 15 天的患者营养不良风险更高（60.0%）（p=0.010）。大多数营养不良患者没有进食问题（32.5%）、没有抑郁症状（52.5%）且体重指数处于正常范围（57.5%）（p=0.002、p=0.034、p=0.001；分别）。营养不良风险较高的患者的营养摄入较低，但差异无统计学意义（p>0.05）。白蛋白水平（p=0.028）和总蛋白水平（p=0.015）在有营养不良风险的患者中显著较低。超重患者的血清白蛋白水平较高（p<0.001），而超重患者的 CRP 水平较低（p<0.001）。
本研究发现，大多数营养不良患者的体重指数处于正常范围。应密切关注有营养不良风险的患者的营养摄入和生化参数。抑郁可能是营养不良的一个原因，应进行评估，特别是在住院时间超过 7 天的患者中。
