Wiafe Michael Akenteng, Apprey Charles, Annan Reginald Adjetey
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana.
J Nutr Metab. 2020 Dec 24;2020:3183281. doi: 10.1155/2020/3183281. eCollection 2020.
Early adolescents are vulnerable to anaemia due to lean body mass and menarche. The study assessed patterns of dietary iron intake, iron status, and predictors of anaemia among early adolescents.
One hundred and thirty-seven early adolescents were randomly selected in a rural district in Ghana. Multiple-pass 24-hour recall, iron food frequency questionnaire consisting of 27 food items, and semistructured questionnaire were administered. Variables include sociodemographics, dietary factors, and laboratory investigation including haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein examination. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to calculate odds ratio and perform Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square (X) test, exploratory factor analysis, and partial correlation () tests.
Participants had mean age of 11.5 years. Three iron dietary patterns explaining 28.7% of the total variance were identified: iron dietary pattern 1 (11%) composed of iron-rich, iron-enhancing, and iron-inhibiting foods; iron dietary pattern 2 (9.9%) comprised of iron-rich, iron-enhancing, and non-iron-inhibiting foods; and iron dietary pattern 3 (7.1%) consisting of stinging nettle, iron-inhibiting foods, non-iron-enhancing foods, non-cocoyam leaves, and non-turkey berries. Meal skipping ( = 5.7, < 0.05), times of eating a day ( = 12.6, < 0.05), and guardian educational status ( = 6.7, < 0.05) significantly affected dietary iron intake. Anaemia was associated with meal skipping ( = 0.367, > 0.05), snacking ( = 0.484, > 0.05), and junior high school (JHS) education ( = 0.544, > 0.05). Partial correlation showed statistically significant relationship between iron dietary pattern 1 and dietary iron ( = -0.234, < 0.01), iron dietary pattern 2 and dietary iron ( = -0.198, < 0.05), iron dietary pattern 2 and vitamin C ( = -0.201, < 0.05), and haemoglobin and ferritin ( = -0.178, < 0.05).
Meal skipping, guardian educational status, and number of times of eating a day were significantly associated with dietary iron intake. Meal skipping, snacking, and adolescents with JHS education were positively associated with anaemia.
由于瘦体重和月经初潮，青春期早期的青少年易患贫血。本研究评估了青春期早期青少年的膳食铁摄入量模式、铁状态及贫血的预测因素。
在加纳的一个农村地区随机选取了137名青春期早期青少年。采用多轮24小时回顾法、包含27种食物的铁食物频率问卷以及半结构化问卷进行调查。变量包括社会人口统计学、饮食因素以及实验室检查，包括血红蛋白、铁蛋白和C反应蛋白检测。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）计算比值比，并进行曼-惠特尼U检验、卡方（X）检验、探索性因素分析和偏相关（）检验。
参与者的平均年龄为11.5岁。确定了三种解释总方差28.7%的铁膳食模式：铁膳食模式1（11%）由富含铁、促进铁吸收和抑制铁吸收的食物组成；铁膳食模式2（9.9%）由富含铁、促进铁吸收和非抑制铁吸收的食物组成；铁膳食模式3（7.1%）由荨麻、抑制铁吸收的食物、非促进铁吸收的食物、非芋叶和非刺果番荔枝组成。不规律进餐（=5.7，<0.05）、每日进餐次数（=12.6，<0.05）和监护人教育程度（=6.7，<0.05）对膳食铁摄入量有显著影响。贫血与不规律进餐（=0.367，>0.05）、吃零食（=0.484，>0.05）和初中教育（=0.544，>0.05）有关。偏相关分析显示，铁膳食模式1与膳食铁（= -0.234，<0.01）、铁膳食模式2与膳食铁（= -0.198，<0.05）、铁膳食模式2与维生素C（= -0.201，<0.05）以及血红蛋白与铁蛋白（= -0.178，<0.05）之间存在统计学显著关系。
不规律进餐、监护人教育程度和每日进餐次数与膳食铁摄入量显著相关。不规律进餐、吃零食以及接受初中教育的青少年与贫血呈正相关。
