State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Am J Hypertens. 2021 Aug 9;34(7):718-728. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpab020.
High salt intake is a known risk factor of hypertension, which in turn increases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a method for predicting 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (UNa24h) using casual urine specimens in Chinese hypertensive patients.
A total of 966 patients with hypertension were included from 8 provinces across China. A UNa24h prediction model (Sun_C method) was developed for males and females using linear regression based on age, weight, sodium concentration in the spot urine (UNaspot), and creatinine concentration in the spot urine (UCrspot). The data were split into the training (70%) and testing (30%) sets to, respectively, develop and evaluate the Sun_C method.
Compared with the Kawasaki, INTERSALT, and Tanaka methods, Sun_C method achieved a low and consistent mean bias (1.1 mmol/d) within the range from 106 to 212 mmol/d of UNa24h (equivalent to NaCl intake of 6-12 g/d). In addition, the Sun_C method showed no significant difference between the measured and estimated UNa24h in a paired t-test (P = 0.689). At individual level, Sun_C method had 79.8% of individuals at the cutoff under ±30% level.
Sun_C method may prove a reasonable method to estimate the daily dietary sodium intakes (particularly in the range of 6-12 g/d of NaCl) in Chinese hypertensive patients using spot urine measurements. As the amount of data increases in the future, the performance of our formulae will be further improved.
高盐摄入是高血压的已知危险因素，而高血压又会增加中风和心血管疾病的风险。本研究旨在开发和评估一种使用中国高血压患者的随机尿液标本预测 24 小时尿钠排泄量（UNa24h）的方法。
共纳入来自中国 8 个省份的 966 名高血压患者。采用线性回归方法，基于年龄、体重、随机尿钠浓度（UNaspot）和随机尿肌酐浓度（UCrspot），为男性和女性分别建立 UNa24h 预测模型（Sun_C 法）。将数据分为训练集（70%）和测试集（30%），分别用于开发和评估 Sun_C 方法。
与 Kawasaki、INTERSALT 和 Tanaka 方法相比，Sun_C 法在 106-212mmol/d 的 UNa24h 范围内（相当于 6-12g/d 的 NaCl 摄入量），其平均偏倚（1.1mmol/d）较低且一致。此外，配对 t 检验显示 Sun_C 法的实测和估计 UNa24h 之间无显著差异（P=0.689）。在个体水平上，Sun_C 法在 30%的截断值下有 79.8%的个体处于±30%水平。
Sun_C 法可能是一种合理的方法，可以使用随机尿液测量来估计中国高血压患者的日常膳食钠摄入量（尤其是在 6-12g/d 的 NaCl 范围内）。随着未来数据量的增加，我们的公式的性能将进一步提高。
