社区层面社会经济劣势的变化与美国老年人的认知功能。
Changes in neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage and older Americans' cognitive functioning.
机构信息
University of Luxembourg, Department of Social Sciences, Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
出版信息
Health Place. 2021 Mar;68:102510. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102510. Epub 2021 Jan 22.
BACKGROUND
While associations of neighborhood conditions with cognitive functioning at older ages have been established, few studies have investigated with a dynamic perspective if changing neighborhood socioeconomic conditions affect older residents' cognitive declines, and which putative factors mediate this relationship.
METHOD
Using data from waves 2 (2010-2011) and 3 (2015-2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) survey (n = 1837), ordinary least squares regressions and mediation analyses were conducted, adjusting for multiple confounders and testing eight putative mediators.
RESULTS
Worsening neighborhood socioeconomic circumstances were associated with cognitive declines. Changes in depressive symptoms, sizes of close social networks, and physical activity substantially mediated this relationship.
DISCUSSION
While 18.10% of the total effect occurred through these mechanisms, further pathways may work through contextual- and individual-level variables not assessed in the NSHAP.
背景
虽然已经确定了邻里环境条件与老年人认知功能之间的关联，但很少有研究从动态视角探讨邻里社会经济条件的变化是否会影响老年居民认知能力的下降，以及哪些假定因素在其中起中介作用。
方法
利用国家社会生活、健康和老龄化项目（NSHAP）调查的第 2 波（2010-2011 年）和第 3 波（2015-2016 年）的数据（n=1837），进行了普通最小二乘回归和中介分析，调整了多个混杂因素，并测试了八种假定的中介因素。
结果
邻里社会经济环境恶化与认知能力下降有关。抑郁症状、亲密社交网络规模和身体活动的变化在很大程度上调节了这种关系。
讨论
虽然这些机制解释了总效应的 18.10%，但可能还有其他途径通过 NSHAP 未评估的情境和个体层面的变量起作用。
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