Puto Grażyna, Sowińska Izabela, Ścisło Lucyna, Walewska Elżbieta, Kamińska Alicja, Muszalik Marta
Department of Internal and Environmental Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Clinical Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Jan 21;9(2):114. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9020114.
The aim of the research was to determine the influence of sociodemographic factors on older people's care dependency in their living environment according to the Care Dependency Scale (CDS). The research was conducted in a group of 151 older people staying in their own homes. The methods applied in the research included a sociodemographic questionnaire and scales including the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), CDS, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Lawton's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (I-ADL), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Gender had a significant impact on the level of care dependency. The surveyed females obtained the medium or high level of dependency more often than males (22.4% vs. 6.1%), and the low level of dependency was significantly more frequent among men than women ( = 0.006). Moreover, the age of the respondents determined their level of care dependency. The subjects with a medium or high level of care dependency were significantly older ( = 0.001). The subjects with a low level of care dependency were more likely to be married than people with a medium/high level ( < 0.001). The level of education had a significant impact on care dependency. A higher level of education correlated with a medium/high level of dependency ( = 0.003). The survey results confirmed that sociodemographic factors have a significant impact on the level of care dependency. When planning care in the home environment, special attention should be paid to older women, who are more likely to lose their independence than men. These women should be given additional support.
该研究的目的是根据护理依赖量表（CDS）确定社会人口学因素对老年人在其生活环境中护理依赖程度的影响。该研究在151名居家养老的老年人中进行。研究中采用的方法包括社会人口学问卷和量表，其中有简易精神状态检查表（AMTS）、CDS、日常生活活动能力 Katz 指数（ADL）、Lawton 工具性日常生活活动能力量表（I-ADL）、微型营养评定量表（MNA）以及老年抑郁量表（GDS）。性别对护理依赖程度有显著影响。被调查的女性获得中等或高度依赖的频率高于男性（22.4% 对 6.1%），而男性中低度依赖的频率显著高于女性（P = 0.006）。此外，受访者的年龄决定了他们的护理依赖程度。护理依赖程度为中等或高度的受试者年龄显著更大（P = 0.001）。与护理依赖程度为中等/高度的人相比，护理依赖程度低的受试者更有可能已婚（P < 0.001）。教育水平对护理依赖有显著影响。较高的教育水平与中等/高度依赖相关（P = 0.003）。调查结果证实，社会人口学因素对护理依赖程度有显著影响。在规划家庭环境中的护理时，应特别关注老年女性，她们比男性更有可能失去独立性。这些女性应得到额外的支持。
