Wang Lulu, Pan Kehou, Zhang Lin, Zhou Chengxu, Li Yun, Zhu Baohua, Han Jichang
Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
Biomater Sci. 2021 Mar 21;9(6):2162-2173. doi: 10.1039/d0bm02002h. Epub 2021 Jan 26.
It is increasingly essential to develop excellent materials for rapid hemorrhage control. Our previous study showed that centric diatoms such as frustules were superior to QuikClot® in hemostasis, however, related studies in pennate diatoms are still scarce. The morphological and physicochemical properties of pennate diatoms are quite different from those of centric diatoms, meaning that significant differences may also be observed from their hemostatic effects. Thus, the hemostasis effects of four pennate diatom frustules (Cocconeiopsis orthoneoides, Navicula avium, Navicula sp., and Pleurosigma indicum) were investigated in this study. Herein, all diatom frustules demonstrated outstanding hemostasis performance. For example, the in vitro coagulation time of C. orthoneoides (100.33 ± 9.5 s) was 32.4% lower than that of QuikClot®. Meanwhile, the hemostatic times of C. orthoneoides in the rat tail amputation and femoral artery models were 82 s and 180 s, respectively, only around one-half and one-third of the QuikClot® values. Moreover, the blood loss amounts of C. orthoneoides in the rat tail amputation and femoral artery model were 73.4% and 61% less than that of QuikClot®. Besides that, diatom frustules also exhibited favorable biocompatibility (hemolysis ratio <5%, MEFs cell viabilities >80%, and no inflammation). To find out the key factors underlying the hemostatic effect of frustules, Pearson correlation analysis was further performed in this study. The results demonstrated that the coagulation reaction time (R) was negatively correlated with the specific surface area and liquid absorbability but positively with the diatom pore diameter. The angle α, indicating the clot formation rate, was negative to the diatom size and pore diameter. Additionally, MA also showed a negative correlation with the BET value. This study can enrich our knowledge about the application potential of diatoms in the field of bleeding control and is helpful in deepening our understanding about the hemostatic mechanism of frustules.
开发用于快速止血的优质材料变得越来越重要。我们之前的研究表明，诸如硅藻壳等中心硅藻在止血方面优于速即纱，然而，关于羽纹硅藻的相关研究仍然很少。羽纹硅藻的形态和物理化学性质与中心硅藻有很大不同，这意味着它们的止血效果可能也存在显著差异。因此，本研究调查了四种羽纹硅藻壳（直形拟卵形藻、鸟舟形藻、舟形藻属和印度斜纹藻）的止血效果。在此，所有硅藻壳都表现出出色的止血性能。例如，直形拟卵形藻的体外凝血时间（100.33±9.5秒）比速即纱低32.4%。同时，直形拟卵形藻在大鼠尾巴截肢和股动脉模型中的止血时间分别为82秒和180秒，仅约为速即纱数值的二分之一和三分之一。此外，直形拟卵形藻在大鼠尾巴截肢和股动脉模型中的失血量比速即纱分别少73.4%和61%。除此之外，硅藻壳还表现出良好的生物相容性（溶血率<5%，小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞活力>80%，且无炎症）。为了找出硅藻壳止血效果的关键因素，本研究进一步进行了Pearson相关性分析。结果表明，凝血反应时间（R）与比表面积和液体吸收能力呈负相关，但与硅藻孔径呈正相关。表示凝块形成速率的角度α与硅藻大小和孔径呈负相关。此外，MA也与BET值呈负相关。本研究可以丰富我们对硅藻在出血控制领域应用潜力的认识，并有助于加深我们对硅藻壳止血机制的理解。
