Division of Sport Biomechanics, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, P.R China.
Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2021 Jan 26;16(1):e0245658. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245658. eCollection 2021.
Understanding the hip loading environment for daily activities is useful for hip fracture prevention, rehabilitation, and the design of osteogenic exercises. Seventeen older adults (50-70 yrs) and twenty young adults (18-30 yrs) were recruited. A rigid body model combined with a musculoskeletal model was used to estimate lower extremity loading. An elliptical cross-section model of the femoral neck was used to estimate femoral neck stress during stair ascent and descent. Two peaks were identified in the stress curves, corresponding to the peaks in the vertical ground reaction force. During stair ascent, significantly higher tension on the superior femoral neck was found for the young group at peak 1 (young: 13.5±6.1 MPa, older: 4.2±6.5 MPa, p<0.001). Also during stair ascent, significantly higher compression on the posterior femoral neck was found for the older group at peak 2 (young: -11.4±4.9 MPa, old: -18.1±8.6 MPa, p = 0.006). No significant difference was found for stair descent. Components of stress (muscle vs. reaction forces; axial forces vs. bending moments) were also examined for each trial of stair ascent and descent. The stresses and their components provided loading magnitude and locations of higher stress on the femoral neck during stair ascent and descent. Understanding femoral neck stresses may be used to help prevent hip fractures, reduce pain, improve rehabilitation, and design osteogenic exercises.
了解日常活动中的髋部加载环境对于预防髋部骨折、康复和设计成骨运动非常有用。招募了 17 名老年人（50-70 岁）和 20 名年轻人（18-30 岁）。使用刚体模型结合肌肉骨骼模型来估计下肢载荷。使用股骨颈的椭圆形横截面模型来估计上下楼梯时的股骨颈应力。在应力曲线上确定了两个峰值，对应于垂直地面反作用力的峰值。在上楼梯过程中，在峰值 1 处，年轻组的股骨颈上部张力明显更高（年轻组：13.5±6.1 MPa，老年组：4.2±6.5 MPa，p<0.001）。在上楼梯过程中，在峰值 2 处，老年组的股骨颈后部压缩明显更高（年轻组：-11.4±4.9 MPa，老年组：-18.1±8.6 MPa，p = 0.006）。在下楼梯时未发现显著差异。还检查了每个上下楼梯试验中应力的组成部分（肌肉与反作用力；轴向力与弯矩）。这些应力及其组成部分提供了在上楼梯和下楼梯过程中股骨颈的加载幅度和更高应力的位置。了解股骨颈的应力可以用于帮助预防髋部骨折、减轻疼痛、促进康复和设计成骨运动。
