Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Metabolism. 2021 Apr;117:154712. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154712. Epub 2021 Jan 23.
Type 2 diabetes is the fastest-growing metabolic disease in the world. Many clinical studies have found that type 2 diabetes patients have metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory states accompanied by disturbances in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays an important role in body metabolism and immune regulation, and disturbances in the gut microbiota in conjunction with destruction of the intestinal barrier in type 2 diabetes patients causes damage to multiple organs. Therefore, the gut microbiota may be a new therapeutic target for treating type 2 diabetes and related diseases. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes and related diseases, as well as highlight the potential molecular mechanisms of their effects on intestinal barrier disruption, metabolic disorders, and chronic inflammation. Finally, we summarize an intestinal microecological therapeutic strategy, with a focus on shaping the intestinal bacteria, to improve the malignant progress of type 2 diabetes and related diseases. AUTHOR SUMMARY: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the fastest-growing metabolic disease in the world. Many clinical studies have found that T2D patients have metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory states, accompanied by disturbances of the gut microbiota and increased intestinal permeability. The number of human gut microbiota is more than 10 times of human cells, and they play an important role in the body's metabolism and immune regulation. The abnormal intestinal metabolites and intestinal barrier disruption caused by the gut microbiota dysbiosis in the T2D facilitate intestinal bacteria and their harmful metabolites entering the circulatory system. The abnormal entering will cause the damage to multiple organs through disturbing insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and immune homeostasis. Therefore, the gut microbiota may be a new therapeutic target for improving T2D and its related diseases. In this review, we introduce the compositional characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2D, and highlight some new molecular mechanisms of their effects on intestinal barrier disruption, metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation in T2D and its related diseases. Finally, we summarize an intestinal microecological therapeutic strategy, with a focus on shaping the intestinal bacteria, to improve the malignant progress of T2D and related diseases.
2 型糖尿病是世界上增长最快的代谢疾病。许多临床研究发现，2 型糖尿病患者存在代谢紊乱和慢性炎症状态，同时伴有肠道微生物群落紊乱。肠道微生物群落在身体代谢和免疫调节中发挥着重要作用，而 2 型糖尿病患者肠道微生物群落的紊乱与肠道屏障的破坏相结合，会对多个器官造成损伤。因此，肠道微生物群落可能是治疗 2 型糖尿病及相关疾病的新治疗靶点。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 2 型糖尿病及相关疾病中肠道微生物群落的特征，并强调了它们对肠道屏障破坏、代谢紊乱和慢性炎症影响的潜在分子机制。最后，我们总结了一种肠道微生态治疗策略，重点是塑造肠道细菌，以改善 2 型糖尿病及相关疾病的恶性进展。
