Mu Zhe-Xuan, Li Zhen-Zhou, Liu Bing-Xiao, Wang Zhen-Yu, Lv Xiao-Hong, Yang Lin, Zhang Hua
Department of Special Food and Drug and Biochemical Innovation Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Forestry and Grassland Germplasm Resources Research Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150081, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Sep 8;17(17):2903. doi: 10.3390/nu17172903.
To address the need for dietary interventions in sub-healthy populations and promote sustainable utilization of agricultural by-products, we isolated hypoglycemic peptide (PHP) from nut oil meal through enzymatic extraction, ion exchange and gel chromatography purification, and simulated gastric digestion.
PHP exhibited significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In type 2 diabetic mice, PHP significantly ameliorated the "three-more-one-less" syndrome, reduced glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin levels, mitigated liver and kidney tissue lesions, and improved glucose and lipid metabolic disorders-effects partly supported by its enhancement of intestinal barrier function via restoring gut microbiota diversity. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that PHP exerts hypoglycemic effects by regulating gut microbial composition: increasing SCFA-producing taxa, reducing pro-inflammatory/metabolic disorder-associated taxa, and normalizing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that PHP mediates synergistic hypoglycemic effects by regulating carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cofactor/vitamin metabolism.
This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing natural functional foods from agricultural by-products, supporting PHP's potential as a dietary supplement for metabolic regulation.
为满足亚健康人群饮食干预需求并促进农业副产品的可持续利用，我们通过酶提取、离子交换和凝胶色谱纯化从坚果油粕中分离出降血糖肽（PHP），并进行了模拟胃消化实验。
PHP对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶具有显著抑制活性。在2型糖尿病小鼠中，PHP显著改善了“三多一少”综合征，降低了糖化血红蛋白和胰岛素水平，减轻了肝脏和肾脏组织损伤，改善了糖脂代谢紊乱，部分作用是通过恢复肠道微生物群多样性增强肠道屏障功能实现的。肠道微生物群分析表明，PHP通过调节肠道微生物组成发挥降血糖作用：增加产生短链脂肪酸的菌群，减少与促炎/代谢紊乱相关的菌群，并使厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例正常化。KEGG通路分析表明，PHP通过调节碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢和辅因子/维生素代谢介导协同降血糖作用。
本研究为利用农业副产品开发天然功能性食品提供了理论基础，支持PHP作为代谢调节膳食补充剂的潜力。
