Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Jan 23;13(2):334. doi: 10.3390/nu13020334.
Inflammation that accompanies obesity is associated with the infiltration of metabolically active tissues by inflammatory immune cells. This propagates a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with increased signaling of common inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Obesity-associated inflammation is linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Preclinical rodent and cell culture studies provide robust evidence that berries and their bioactive components have beneficial effects not only on inflammation, but also on biomarkers of many of these chronic diseases. Berries contain an abundance of bioactive compounds that have been shown to inhibit inflammation and to reduce reactive oxygen species. Therefore, berries represent an intriguing possibility for the treatment of obesity-induced inflammation and associated comorbidities. This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory properties of blackberries, blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries. This review highlights the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of berries and their bioactive components that have been elucidated through the use of preclinical models. The primary mechanisms mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of berries include a reduction in NF-κB signaling that may be secondary to reduced oxidative stress, a down-regulation of TLR4 signaling, and an increase in Nrf2.
伴随肥胖的炎症与代谢活跃组织中炎症免疫细胞的浸润有关。这会引发慢性低度炎症，与常见炎症途径（如 NF-κB 和 Toll 样受体 4（TLR4））的信号增加有关。与肥胖相关的炎症与慢性疾病风险增加有关，包括 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症。临床前啮齿动物和细胞培养研究提供了强有力的证据，表明浆果及其生物活性成分不仅对炎症，而且对许多这些慢性疾病的生物标志物都有有益的影响。浆果含有丰富的生物活性化合物，已被证明可以抑制炎症和减少活性氧。因此，浆果为治疗肥胖引起的炎症和相关合并症提供了一种有趣的可能性。本文综述了黑莓、蓝莓、草莓和覆盆子的抗炎特性。本文重点介绍了通过使用临床前模型阐明的浆果及其生物活性成分的抗炎机制。介导浆果抗炎作用的主要机制包括 NF-κB 信号的降低，这可能继发于氧化应激的降低、TLR4 信号的下调以及 Nrf2 的增加。
