Catalán Edo Pilar, Serrano Ostariz Enrique, Sánchez Latorre Marina, Villarroya Aparicio Adoración
Hospital Obispo Polanco. Teruel. España.
Grupo de Investigación UNEVAF de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2021 Jan 27;95:e202101025.
The ability to control postural balance is essential to perform most of the activities of daily life, allowing you to maintain an active lifestyle, avoiding falls. However, aging-related changes in sensory systems, neural processing, information conduction, and musculoskeletal mechanics make postural control difficult in older adults. In the evaluation of posturo-graphic parameters, alterations are observed after physical exercise. The objective of this study focused on analyzing the possible influence of age on postural control in an adult population and comparing the differences in postural control due to the regular practice of aerobic physical activity.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 116 healthy adults, differentiating them between sedentary and sportsmen (cyclists and runners) and in two age groups (< and ≥ 65 years). Data were collected on the RMS amplitude (root-mean-square) in AP (antero-posterior) and ML (medio-lateral) and the RMS velocity obtained through a force platform in different support and vision conditions. SPSS 15.0 Software was used for the statistical treatment with a significance level of 5%. To compare the dependent variables between the different activity gropus, the t-test and the Mann-Witney were applied (p<0,05), while correlation análisys was applied to study the relationship of age in the postural parameters using p Pearson and Spearman test depending on the distribution of the data.
The results reaffirmed the negative influence of physiological aging on postural control mechanisms in the sedentary group, as well as a positive influence of the practice of aerobic exercise regardless of age, with an improvement in balance. More than half of the posturagraphic parameters (PP) were altered in sedentary subjects compared to athletes, who did not show alterations (p<0,05). The RMS-Velocity (mm/s) or distribution of displacement in standing over time, is the parameter with the greatest alteration in all the conditions analyzed (p<0,01), among sedentary subjects regardless of age, not suffering variations among athletes. In relation to the type of sport, we observed better results in cyclists compared to the sedentary group, with less alterations in all PP (RMS-ROM in AP, ML and RMS-Velocity) mainly for single-leg support on a hard surface and with eyes open as well as closed.
We can conclude that the practice of regular aerial exercise is a beneficial activity to improve postural control, preserve the deterioration of balance and prevent falls.
控制姿势平衡的能力对于进行大多数日常生活活动至关重要，它能让人们保持积极的生活方式，避免跌倒。然而，与衰老相关的感觉系统、神经处理、信息传导以及肌肉骨骼力学方面的变化，使得老年人的姿势控制变得困难。在姿势描记参数评估中，体育锻炼后会观察到变化。本研究的目的是分析年龄对成年人群姿势控制的可能影响，并比较由于定期进行有氧体育活动而导致的姿势控制差异。
对116名健康成年人进行了一项横断面研究，将他们分为久坐不动者和运动员（骑自行车者和跑步者），并分为两个年龄组（<65岁和≥65岁）。通过力平台收集在不同支撑和视觉条件下前后（AP）和左右（ML）方向的均方根（RMS）振幅以及RMS速度的数据。使用SPSS 15.0软件进行统计处理，显著性水平为5%。为了比较不同活动组之间的因变量，应用了t检验和曼-惠特尼检验（p<0.05），同时根据数据分布使用皮尔逊p检验和斯皮尔曼检验进行相关性分析，以研究年龄与姿势参数之间的关系。
结果再次证实了久坐组中生理衰老对姿势控制机制的负面影响，以及无论年龄大小，有氧运动的实践对姿势控制有积极影响，能改善平衡。与未显示变化的运动员相比，久坐不动的受试者中超过一半的姿势描记参数（PP）发生了改变（p<0.05）。在所有分析条件下，RMS速度（mm/s）或站立时位移随时间的分布，是久坐受试者中变化最大的参数（p<0.01），无论年龄大小，而运动员中未出现变化。关于运动类型，与久坐组相比，我们观察到骑自行车者的结果更好，在所有PP（AP方向的RMS-ROM、ML方向的RMS-ROM和RMS速度）方面的变化更小，主要是在硬表面上单腿支撑且睁眼和闭眼时。
我们可以得出结论，定期进行有氧运动是一项有益的活动，有助于改善姿势控制、防止平衡能力下降和预防跌倒。
