IPES-Food, Brussels, Belgium,
IPES-Food, Brussels, Belgium.
World Rev Nutr Diet. 2020;121:1-8. doi: 10.1159/000507497. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
The urgent call to transform global food systems is well founded on the need to reduce the effects of food systems on human health, environment, peoples' rights, and creation of a just society. Unhealthy diets contribute significantly to the global disease burden and pose huge risks to morbidity and mortality. Efforts to transform diets are highly dependent on transformation of the food system. All countries are now affected by the various forms of malnutrition - undernutrition, overweight and obesity, micronutrient deficiencies - with progress often too slow and in some cases going into reverse. Concomitantly, the number of food insecure is increasing, and the prevalence of non-communicable disease is high. IPES-Food, in collaboration with the Global Alliance for the Future of Food, undertook a review of the scientific evidence covering a whole range of global health impacts associated with food systems. The review examined how food and farming systems affect human health, explored why the negative impacts are systematically reproduced and why we fail to prioritize them politically, and how we can build healthier food systems for all. Five categories of health impacts were examined: (i) occupational hazards; (ii) environmental contamination; (iii) contaminated, unsafe, and altered foods; (iv) unhealthy dietary patterns, and (v) food insecurity. The study confirmed that food systems affect health through multiple, interconnected pathways, generating severe human and economic costs. It also highlighted how prevailing power relations in the food system help to shape and sometimes obscure our understanding of the impacts. Five leverage points for building healthier food systems are recommended: (i) promotion of food systems thinking; (ii) reasserting scientific integrity and research as a public good; (iii) bringing the alternatives to light; (iv) adopting the precautionary principle, and (v) building integrated food policies under participatory governance.
全球粮食系统转型的迫切呼吁有充分的理由，即需要减少粮食系统对人类健康、环境、人民权利和公正社会的影响。不健康的饮食是全球疾病负担的主要原因，对发病率和死亡率构成巨大风险。改变饮食的努力高度依赖于粮食系统的转型。所有国家现在都受到各种形式的营养不良的影响——营养不足、超重和肥胖、微量营养素缺乏——进展往往过于缓慢，在某些情况下甚至出现倒退。与此同时，粮食无保障的人数正在增加，非传染性疾病的患病率很高。国际粮食政策研究所与全球未来食品联盟合作，对涵盖与粮食系统相关的各种全球健康影响的科学证据进行了审查。审查研究了食品和农业系统如何影响人类健康，探讨了为什么负面影响会被系统地复制，以及为什么我们在政治上未能优先考虑这些影响，以及我们如何为所有人建立更健康的粮食系统。审查研究了五个类别的健康影响：（一）职业危害；（二）环境污染；（三）污染、不安全和改变的食品；（四）不健康的饮食模式；（五）粮食不安全。该研究证实，粮食系统通过多种相互关联的途径影响健康，造成严重的人力和经济成本。它还强调了在粮食系统中占主导地位的权力关系如何帮助塑造和有时掩盖我们对影响的理解。报告建议了五个建立更健康粮食系统的着力点：（一）推广粮食系统思维；（二）重申科学完整性和研究作为公共利益；（三）揭示替代方案；（四）采用预防原则；（五）在参与性治理下建立综合粮食政策。
