Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Clin Nurs. 2021 Jul;30(13-14):1799-1809. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15676. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
Fiscal constraints, an ageing populations and the increasing burden of chronic conditions are stressing health systems internationally. Nurses are the linchpin of effective healthcare delivery and their success is dependent on adequate staffing models, which must align knowledge, skills and competencies with workload.
To compare measures of nursing workload in adult inpatient settings.
DESIGN, DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHOD: A review of published studies characterising nursing workload measures was undertaken. Databases-PubMed and CINHAL-were used to identify published studies. A description of the psychometric properties of each measure and its use in an inpatient setting was required for inclusion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to guide and report the review.
Of the 1,422 studies identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Nursing workload was measured in the intermediate care unit (n = 6), overall hospital (n = 7), emergency department (n = 1) and burn unit (n = 1) settings and also by mailed survey (n = 1). Eleven different workload measures were identified. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (n = 3), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (n = 3) and Nursing Activities Score (n = 2) were the most common nursing workload measures identified with reported psychometric properties.
Researchers, clinicians and hospital administrators should carefully identify and assess the psychometric properties of nursing workload measures before using these in routine practice.
Gaining a consensus on effective nursing workload measures is a crucial step in designing appropriate staffing models and policies, improving nurse productivity and well-being, as well as enhancing patient health outcomes in inpatient settings.
财政限制、人口老龄化以及慢性病负担的增加正在给国际卫生系统带来压力。护士是有效医疗服务的关键，他们的成功取决于充足的人员配备模式，而这又必须使知识、技能和能力与工作量相匹配。
比较成人住院环境中的护理工作量测量指标。
设计、数据来源和审查方法：对描述护理工作量测量指标的已发表研究进行了综述。使用 PubMed 和 CINHAL 数据库来确定已发表的研究。纳入标准为需要描述每个测量指标的心理测量学特性及其在住院环境中的应用。本研究使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明来指导和报告综述。
在确定的 1422 项研究中，有 15 项符合纳入标准。护理工作量在中级护理病房（n=6）、全院（n=7）、急诊室（n=1）和烧伤病房（n=1）以及邮寄调查（n=1）中进行了测量。确定了 11 种不同的工作量测量指标。美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数（n=3）、治疗干预评分系统（n=3）和护理活动评分（n=2）是最常见的护理工作量测量指标，报告了心理测量学特性。
研究人员、临床医生和医院管理人员在常规实践中使用这些测量指标之前，应仔细识别和评估护理工作量测量指标的心理测量学特性。
就有效的护理工作量测量指标达成共识，是设计适当的人员配备模式和政策、提高护士工作效率和幸福感以及改善住院患者健康结果的关键步骤。
