CIHLMU Center for International Health, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
Occupational Health and Safety Program, Universitas Binawan, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Ann Glob Health. 2021 Jan 6;87(1):8. doi: 10.5334/aogh.3155.
In Indonesia, many occupations and industries involve a variety of hazardous and toxic materials. The ILO estimates that about 21.1% of the tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer deaths among men were attributable to workplace hazardous substances. This study investigated the relationship between occupations or workplace exposure and the risk of lung cancer in the country. The results will help determine how Indonesia can best mitigate the risk for its workers.
This case-control study utilizes the Indonesian Standard of Industrial Classification (IndSIC) 2015 with the aim of exploring the risk of lung cancer among Indonesian workers.
The study included patients aged 35 years old or older receiving thoracic CT at the radiology department of Persahabatan Hospital. The cases were histological-confirmed primary lung cancers, while the controls were negative thoracic CT scan for lung cancer. The subjects' job titles and industries were classified according to IndSIC 2015 and blind to the patient's grouping as a case or control. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios for lung cancer among all sections and some divisions or groups of IndSIC 2015.
The mean age was 58.1 (±10.23) years for lung cancer patients and 54.5 (±10.23) years for controls. The majority of subjects (19.6%) worked in Section G (Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycle). After adjusting for age, gender, level of education, and smoking habit, the risk of lung cancer was nearly three-times higher (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.11-7.02) in workers of Division A01 (crop, animal production, and hunting) and two-times higher (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.05-3.46) in workers of Section F (construction) compared to the workers in other sections or divisions.
The excess risk of lung cancer among certain categories of workers confirms the need for improved policy, monitoring, and control of occupational exposure for primary cancer prevention and workers' compensation purposes.
在印度尼西亚，许多职业和行业涉及各种危险和有毒物质。国际劳工组织估计，在男性中，约有 21.1%的气管、支气管和肺癌死亡归因于工作场所危险物质。本研究调查了该国职业或工作场所暴露与肺癌风险之间的关系。研究结果将有助于确定印度尼西亚如何最好地降低其工人的风险。
本病例对照研究利用 2015 年印度尼西亚工业分类标准（IndSIC），旨在探讨印度尼西亚工人患肺癌的风险。
该研究纳入了在友谊医院放射科接受胸部 CT 检查的年龄在 35 岁或以上的患者。病例为组织学证实的原发性肺癌，而对照组为胸部 CT 扫描未见肺癌的患者。根据 2015 年 IndSIC，将研究对象的职称和行业分类，并对患者分组为病例或对照进行盲法处理。使用逻辑回归确定 IndSIC 2015 所有部分以及某些部门或组的肺癌比值比。
肺癌患者的平均年龄为 58.1（±10.23）岁，对照组为 54.5（±10.23）岁。大多数研究对象（19.6%）在 G 节（批发和零售贸易；汽车和摩托车维修）工作。在校正年龄、性别、教育程度和吸烟习惯后，A01 分部（农作物、动物生产和狩猎）的劳动者患肺癌的风险几乎高出三倍（OR=2.8，95%CI=1.11-7.02），F 节（建筑）的劳动者患肺癌的风险高出两倍（OR=1.9，95%CI=1.05-3.46），与其他部门或分部的劳动者相比。
某些类别的工人患肺癌的风险增加证实了需要改善政策、监测和控制职业暴露，以实现初级癌症预防和工人赔偿的目的。
