Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
Food Res Int. 2021 Jan;139:109974. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109974. Epub 2020 Dec 13.
Royal jelly (RJ), a natural secretion of nurse bees, is a functional food with health-promoting properties. To investigate RJ quality changes with enhanced output and harvesting time, we compared metabolic profiles of RJ harvested at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after larval grafting into queen cells from Italian bees (ITBs) and high RJ-producing bees (RJBs) selected from ITBs. A total of 77 high-abundance compounds were identified with reverse-phase liquid chromatography- and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolite abundance, water content, and antibacterial activity were found largely unchanged between both bee strains, indicating that a similar RJ quality was achieved. Notably, the observed 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in RJBs (1.98%) and ITBs (2.41%) meet the standard for premium RJ in China. RJ harvested at 48 h and 72 h had similar metabolic profiles, indicating little influence of the two harvesting times on RJ quality. The harvesting at 24 h could lead to a higher RJ quality with higher abundance levels of many bioactive compounds and lower water content. Our data based mainly on RJ metabolic composition constitute evidence for mass production of high-quality RJ.
蜂王浆（RJ）是一种天然的工蜂分泌物，是一种具有促进健康特性的功能性食品。为了研究随着产量的提高和收获时间的变化，RJ 的质量变化，我们比较了意大利蜜蜂（ITB）中幼虫移植到蜂王细胞后 24、48 和 72 小时收获的 RJ 和从 ITB 中选择的高产 RJ 蜜蜂（RJBs）的代谢谱。使用反相液相色谱和亲水相互作用液相色谱-高分辨率质谱鉴定了 77 种高丰度化合物。两种蜜蜂品系之间的代谢物丰度、水分含量和抗菌活性基本保持不变，表明 RJ 质量相似。值得注意的是，RJBs（1.98%）和 ITBs（2.41%）中观察到的 10-羟基-2-癸烯酸含量符合中国优质 RJ 的标准。48 和 72 小时收获的 RJ 具有相似的代谢谱，表明这两个收获时间对 RJ 质量的影响不大。24 小时收获可能会导致更高的 RJ 质量，具有更高水平的许多生物活性化合物和更低的水分含量。我们的数据主要基于 RJ 的代谢组成，为高质量 RJ 的大规模生产提供了证据。
