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肝硬化患者感染性心内膜炎:系统评价。

Infective endocarditis in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review.

机构信息

Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.

出版信息

J Chemother. 2021 Nov;33(7):443-451. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2021.1878332. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Abstract

Liver cirrhosis is an increasing cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon disease with notable morbidity and mortality. Even though cirrhosis is associated with immune dysfunction and increased occurrence of bacterial infection, IE is infrequently diagnosed in these patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to systematically review all published cases of IE in patients with cirrhosis in the literature. A systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane (through 23 April 2020) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological as well as treatment data and outcomes of IE in patients with cirrhosis was performed. A total of 78 studies, containing data of 602 patients, were included. A prosthetic valve was present in 17.8%, while the most common causative pathogen was in 26% followed by spp in 16.8%. Aortic valve was the most commonly infected site, followed by mitral valve. Diagnosis was set with a transthoracic ultrasound in 55.2%, while the diagnosis was set at autopsy in 16.7%. Fever and heart failure were the most common clinical presentations. Aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and cephalosporins were the antimicrobials most frequently used for treatment. Clinical cure was noted in 68.2%, while overall mortality was 41.4%. This systematic review thoroughly describes IE in patients with liver cirrhosis and provides information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.

摘要

肝硬化是发达国家死亡率和发病率不断上升的原因。感染性心内膜炎(IE)是一种罕见的疾病,具有显著的发病率和死亡率。尽管肝硬化与免疫功能障碍和细菌感染发生率增加有关,但在这些患者中,IE 很少被诊断。因此,本研究的目的是系统地回顾文献中所有关于肝硬化患者 IE 的病例。通过系统地回顾 PubMed、Scopus 和 Cochrane(截至 2020 年 4 月 23 日),检索了提供流行病学、临床、微生物学以及治疗数据和结局的研究,纳入了肝硬化患者 IE 的研究。共纳入 78 项研究,包含 602 例患者的数据。其中 17.8%的患者存在人工瓣膜,最常见的病原体是 ,占 26%,其次是 spp,占 16.8%。主动脉瓣是最常感染的部位,其次是二尖瓣。55.2%的患者通过经胸超声心动图诊断,16.7%的患者通过尸检诊断。发热和心力衰竭是最常见的临床表现。氨基糖苷类、万古霉素和头孢菌素是最常用于治疗的抗生素。临床治愈为 68.2%,总死亡率为 41.4%。本系统综述详细描述了肝硬化患者的 IE,并提供了有关其流行病学、临床表现、治疗和结局的信息。

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