Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France.
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
Mycorrhiza. 2021 May;31(3):361-369. doi: 10.1007/s00572-020-01011-4. Epub 2021 Jan 9.
The Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittad.) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus forming edible fructifications. The production of T. melanosporum relies mainly on man-made plantations. T. melanosporum is a heterothallic species requiring the meeting of two partners of opposite mating types to fruit. It is common to have productive and non-productive trees in the same orchard. The aim of our study was to assess the distribution of T. melanosporum mating types in soil under productive and non-productive trees to test whether the presence or absence of one or two mating types could be an indicator of productivity. To achieve this aim, five orchards were selected in various French regions. Soils were harvested under productive and non-productive Quercus pubescens; soil characteristics and the distribution of the mating types in the soil were investigated. No significant differences between productive and non-productive soils according to soil parameters were detected. The total content of T. melanosporum DNA in the soil was significantly higher under productive trees compared with non-productive trees, and it was positively correlated only with soil available phosphorous. Under productive trees, it was more frequent to find both mating types than under non-productive trees. Soils with only one mating type were more frequent under non-productive trees than under productive ones. Moreover, no mating type was detected in the soil of 22% of the non-productive trees. These results suggest that the detection of T. melanosporum mating types in soil could be a tool to optimise the management of truffle orchards (e.g. by spore inoculation).
佩里戈尔黑松露（Tuber melanosporum Vittad.）是一种外生菌根真菌，形成可食用的子实体。T. melanosporum 的生产主要依赖于人工种植园。T. melanosporum 是一种异宗配合的物种，需要两个交配型相反的伙伴相遇才能结果。在同一个果园里既有生产性树木又有非生产性树木是很常见的。我们研究的目的是评估生产性和非生产性树木下土壤中 T. melanosporum 交配型的分布，以检验是否存在一种或两种交配型可以作为生产力的指标。为了实现这一目标，我们在法国的五个地区选择了五个果园。在生产性和非生产性的 Quercus pubescens 下采集土壤；调查土壤特性和土壤中交配型的分布。根据土壤参数，未发现生产性和非生产性土壤之间存在显著差异。与非生产性树木相比，生产性树木下土壤中 T. melanosporum 的总 DNA 含量明显更高，且与土壤有效磷呈正相关。在生产性树木下，比在非生产性树木下更容易发现两种交配型。在非生产性树木下，土壤中只有一种交配型的情况比生产性树木下更常见。此外，在 22%的非生产性树木的土壤中未检测到交配型。这些结果表明，在土壤中检测 T. melanosporum 交配型可能是优化松露果园管理的一种工具（例如，通过孢子接种）。
