Dodds W Jean
Hemopet, 11561 Salinaz Avenue, Garden Grove, CA 92843, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Jan 27;9(2):92. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020092.
Development of the immune system of mammalian animal species parallels that of humans and involves the innate and adaptive (acquired) immune responses acting together with the thymus gland. Consequently, issues surrounding the adequacy and safety of vaccinations to protect pet animals from their relevant infectious diseases need to be addressed just as they are for humans. Pet animals, especially canines, also have unique needs because of the wide diversity of purebred and mixed breeds that vary greatly in size, type, temperament, and even maturation rates. Furthermore, pets in early life encounter a series of changes that can affect their development and induce stressors including parasite control, new homes and environment, novel foods, and the socialization that is essential at a time when vaccinations need to be given. While recognizing that this overall need is becoming more understood, current vaccination policy guidelines for companion animals are still only adhered to by about 40% of veterinarians worldwide. Clearly, vaccination of pets should no longer be considered as "one size fits all".
哺乳动物物种的免疫系统发育与人类相似，涉及先天免疫和适应性（后天获得性）免疫反应，并与胸腺共同作用。因此，与人类一样，需要解决围绕疫苗接种的充分性和安全性问题，以保护宠物免受相关传染病的侵害。宠物，尤其是犬类，也有独特的需求，因为纯种和混种的种类繁多，在体型、类型、性情甚至成熟速度方面差异很大。此外，宠物在幼年时会经历一系列变化，这些变化会影响它们的发育并引发压力源，包括寄生虫控制、新的家庭和环境、新食物以及在需要接种疫苗时至关重要的社交活动。虽然认识到这种总体需求越来越被理解，但目前全球只有约40%的兽医遵守伴侣动物的疫苗接种政策指南。显然，宠物疫苗接种不应再被视为“一刀切”。
